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房利美:美住房抵押贷款标准更严 未来5年房价增速放缓

2017-08-24 07:12:29   中国经济网

房利美研究组进一步对记者指出,如今的房贷操作与次贷危机前的方式状况截然不同,当时宽松的信贷和低利率刺激了投机性的需求,推动了住宅的建设、房价和私营部门的证券化。2004年,当美联储开始实施货币紧缩政策,并继续大幅提高短期利率,许多只付利息和可调利率抵押贷款迅速违约,银行终止大量抵押住房的赎回,随后大量止赎房屋流向市场,导致房市的供给大增,也就造成了房价的暴跌。

房利美:未来房价上涨会放缓

《每日经济新闻》记者注意到,房利美在其2016年年报中指出,房利美的业务会受到美国经济大环境的影响,尤其是房价和就业的趋势。美国经济的长期缓慢增长,或任何经济状况、金融市场的恶化,都可能对房利美的经营产生严重的影响。例如,如果房价下跌或失业率上升,就可能导致信贷损失和信贷相关费用的大幅上升。此外,美国房市流通率,抵押贷款利率下降,以及美联储加息也都可能对房利美的业绩产生不同程度的影响。

那么房利美对自身可能会遇到的此类风险是怎么看呢?美国房价会否持续上涨?

房利美研究组向《每日经济新闻》记者表示,在劳动力市场改善的大环境下,缓慢提高抵押贷款利率能够推动美国房市在未来1~5年内的持续增长,只是房价上涨会有所放缓,但未来5年房价并不会下降。

房利美研究组向记者指出,目前美国绝大多数抵押贷款证券化由美国政府、房利美和房地美运作。但房利美并不认为美国房市存在泡沫,房利美研究组向记者分析称,“排除通胀因素,现阶段房价依然低于峰值。劳动力市场方面,美国国内的就业和收入都有所提高;人口因素方面,千禧一代对住房的需求在上升,这些都有利于美国房市的发展。此外,温和的通胀趋势让美联储能够继续循序渐进地进行货币政策正常化。”

据《西雅图日报》报道,已然是美国最火房产市场的西雅图当前房价上涨速度超过了2007年来的任何时候。据美国Case-Shiller住房价格指数显示,今年5月,大西雅图地区的单户住宅比去年同期上涨13.3%,此幅度连续9个月占据全美第一的位置。高企的房价甚至让部分的外国买家被挤出市场。

另外,全美房地产经纪人协会(NAR)的一项最新年度调查显示,在截至今年3月的1年时间中,华盛顿州的外国房屋销售下降至15.5亿美元,较去年同期的20.5亿美元骤降了24%。然而,报告显示,外国买家越来越多地将资金集中在更廉价的市场上。除华盛顿外,其他房价处于高位的加利福尼亚州、纽约和伊利诺伊州等地,今年的外国购房者数量都减少了,而在像德州和亚利桑那州这样房价相对较低的州,海外买家则在增长。

对此,房利美研究组认为,“今年外国买家在美国购房交易量的增长,意味着美国的经济和政治环境并未打消外国买家购置美国房产的热情。美元的贬值有可能一定程度上推动了外国购房者的需求。然而,外国购房者对某一个特定地区的需求激增可能会导致当地房价高于经济基本面所指示的价格,而一旦经济环境变化,快速上涨的房价也会崩溃。我们一直密切监控这上述发展,目前并未发现令人担忧的状况。”

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