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房利美:美住房抵押贷款标准更严 未来5年房价增速放缓

2017-08-24 07:12:29   中国经济网

房利美:次级房贷已急剧下降

美国最大的房地产数据平台Zillow集团本月初发布的报告显示,6月全美房价中位数为20.04万美元,同比上涨约7.5%,是有史以来首次突破20万美元大关,比次贷危机前的美国房价中位数峰值19.6万美元还高。报告指出,供不应求是导致全美房价上涨的主要原因。

对此,房利美经济战略研究小组(以下简称“房利美研究组”)在接受《每日经济新闻》记者采访时表示,随着美国房市的扩张,库存异常紧张,成品住房的数量和建筑工人的数量也都不足,流动率下降的趋势限制了待售住房的水平。与此同时,需求却在增长,库存的紧缩自然就推高了房价。

《每日经济新闻》记者注意到,房地美在今年7月和8月的展望报告也均提出了美国住房供应紧缺的问题。房地美8月展望报告称,因住房需求高而供应紧缺,预计2017年全年房价平均上涨6.3%;2017年第二季度,新房开工率低于预期。此外,报告还显示,如果按揭利率在2017下半年仍然维持在4%以下的话,2017年全年的住房销售量应该会达到620万户,较2016年增长3%。如果库存不像现在这样紧缩的话,销售量还会更高。

房地美首席经济学家Sean Becketti在7月展望报告中表示,金融危机后房市一直在反弹,现在的房价比2006年夏季的峰值还要高,临近历史最低点的抵押贷款利率提高了住房需求,销售量强劲。美中不足的是待售住房库存不足。美国全国范围来看,目前待售的住房仅够支撑5个月的供应量,部分火热的市场比全国平均情况还要紧张。截至目前,住房建设不足以填补供需差距。

美国商务部在当地时间8月16日表示,7月新屋开工年化总数为115.5万户,低于预期。此外,7月新屋营建许可年化总数122.3万户,也低于预期。建筑商们也表示,建筑材料的成本在不断上升,不仅仅因美国政府今年4月对进口加拿大软木木材征收反补贴税,此前建筑材料的价格就在上涨。

房利美研究组对《每日经济新闻》记者表示,当前美国的住房市场与次贷危机爆发前最大的一个不同点,是住房抵押贷款的标准目前要严格得多。“例如,就购房抵押贷款而言,平均的信用评分相对次贷危机前要高很多;而对于非传统的抵押贷款,例如那些较少或者无记录的、只支付利息(无本金贷款)的,以及可调利率抵押贷款(ARM,注:在贷款期限内,允许根据一些事先选定的参考利率指数的变化,对合同利率进行定期调整的抵押贷款)在现阶段已经不再流行。次级房贷已经急剧下降,其信用标准依然非常严格。”

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