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中央收紧地方债:疏堵结合 严防地方隐形债务扩张变形计

2017-07-28 13:58:10   中国经济网

除了切割地方与融资平台公司关联,再次重申2015年1月1日起平台公司新增债务依法不属于地方政府债务外,更是对近两年地方借PPP模式、政府出资的各类投资基金变相融资新行为进行封堵。封杀地方政府通过假的政府购买服务形式融资上项目,化解由此隐形增加的债务风险。

在不断重申地方政府责任范围,并明确各类政府性债务处置原则的同时,针对地方政府隐形债务的新趋势,还提出了禁止地方政府违规担保,严禁地方利用PPP、产业基金等变相举债;不得以任何方式向社会资本方承诺回购投资本金、承担投资本金损失、承诺最低收益,以及不得对有限合伙基金等任何股权投资方式附加额外条款变相举债等要求。

“再加上金融工作会议提出的‘终身问责,倒查责任’,将责任落实到个人。预计在未来一段时间,地方政府的融资冲动将会得到有效遏制。”曾刚表示。

“当前地方政府债务领域存在一些新的问题,主要是局部地区偿债能力有所弱化、个别地区风险超过警戒线、违法违规融资担保现象时有发生、一些政府和社会资本合作项目存在不规范现象等。”财政部负责人表示,对于下一步地方债管理,将坚持“开前门、堵后门”的改革思路,进一步完善地方政府债务管理制度,坚决制止地方政府违法违规融资担保行为,堵住各种不规范渠道,切实防范化解财政金融风险。

 成效:上半年地方债发行规模下降

近年来,按照国务院工作部署,财政部会同有关部门积极落实预算法和43号文件精神,切实规范地方政府债务管理,取得了积极成效。根据相关指标评判,地方政府债务风险总体可控。

记者从财政部获得的数据显示,2017年上半年,各地共发行地方政府债券1.86万亿元,与去年同期发行量(3.58万亿元)相比减少1.72万亿元。

财政部国库司巡视员娄洪告诉记者,经过前两年置换债券大规模发行(2015年、2016年置换债券分别发行3.2万亿元、4.9万亿元)后,2017年及以后年度剩余的地方政府未置换存量债务将大量减少,今年置换债券预计发行规模较去年明显下降。此外,上半年地方债发行规模下降,也与地方财政部门主动调整地方债发行进度和节奏有关。

例如,6月下旬,为加强财政政策与货币政策的协调配合,积极应对临近季末可能出现的债券市场流动性趋紧、发行利率偏高等情况,在财政部的指导下,部分地方主动调减了地方债发行规模。

而在地方债发行利率方面,今年上半年地方债平均发行利率为3.85%,较去年同期(3.03%)上升82个基点。主要原因是今年债券市场总体利率水平上升,6月底记账式国债平均收益率为3.51%,较去年6月底、12月底分别上升了84个、61个基点;美联储今年以来两次升息,带动全球市场利率中枢上升,对我国金融市场利率产生一定的向上拉动作用。

娄洪表示,下一步,财政部将继续指导各地做好地方债发行工作,指导具备条件的地区在深交所发行地方债,推动条件成熟的地区开展地方债续发行业务试点,进一步完善信用评级和信息披露工作,确保顺利完成全年地方债发行任务。

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