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中国下一代“人造太阳”启动工程设计 求解人类终极能源

2017-07-13 18:27:14   

这些超导线可谓EAST和ITER的“生命线”。因为地球上再耐热的材料也会被核心区1亿摄氏度的聚变反应烧化,而要让反应产生的等离子体和装置内壁保持一定的距离,就离不开这些超导线。“它们每秒可以通过6万安培的电流,产生10万高斯的磁场,形成一个强大的‘电磁笼’,把等离子体悬浮起来。”宋云涛解释说。

然而,在EAST建立之前,这项技术尚未诞生。“之前我国的超导线总共加起来才有26公斤,而现在除了供给ITER每年所需的150吨预定以外,产量还绰绰有余。”宋云涛说。

ITER很多部件都代表着高附加值,是国际竞争的热点。“这个线圈重396吨,比EAST所有的线圈加起来还大。我们的价格比日本的还高100万元人民币, 我们是以技术和质量取胜。中国人‘卖白菜’的历史一定会尽快地结束!”宋云涛说。

未来几年或启动聚变工程试验堆

热核聚变在过去50年中发展非常之快。世界上第一个真正意义上的“人造太阳”,是国际热核聚变实验堆ITER,要在20年左右能够在大规模的、几十万千瓦的基础上运行较长的时间,就需要验证聚变的工程可行性,而东方超环正是为此进行验证实验其可行性。

让5000万摄氏度等离子体持续100.12秒,这是目前EAST取得的成绩,也是当前国际核聚变反应最好的成绩。EAST差不多16—17个月左右的时间,综合参数能够翻一倍。“EAST必将对ITER及下一代聚变装置作出更多世界级的、独一无二的贡献。”

核聚变到底什么时候才能实现?未来中国的核聚变到底怎么做?面对上述问题,宋云涛表示,我国现在正在做的EAST实验装置,加入了ITER国际合作,有望再过几年后建造中国自己的工程堆,才能够演示发电。

我国下一代核聚变装置——中国聚变工程试验堆(CFETR)已于2011年开始进行设计研究。在过去的几年里,项目集中了我国磁约束聚变研究的骨干力量,形成目标明确的国家队,在吸收消化ITER和国际磁约束聚变堆设计和技术的基础上,大胆创新,完成的CFETR设计方案可与ITER相衔接和补充。同时,该项目推动了广泛国际合作,世界聚变研究发达国家美国、德国、法国、意大利等已经全面参与CFETR的设计;俄罗斯同行也表示未来更加深入参与CFETR计划。

目前,CFETR装置已经完成设计研究并开始了工程化设计,有望在未来几年启动。宋云涛满怀信心地说,“有了它以后,有望在50年到60年之后实现商用化”。本报记者 吴长锋

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