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上海自贸区“试验田”效应显现

2017-07-10 12:54:46   经济参考报

这只是自贸区改革系统集成不到位的一个案例。“各部门的改革搞得如火如荼,但一旦进入系统集成阶段,可能就‘这里的黎明静悄悄’了。”一位上海自贸区管委会干部表示。

国际贸易“单一窗口”建设是上海自贸区的一项重大改革举措,已经覆盖了口岸通关作业全流程和贸易监管的主要环节。一位海关干部说:“我们把海关功能做到了最大限度的集成,但如何实现各管理部门‘共建共管共享’,目前没看到特别好的办法”。

“在不改变法律条文的情况下,进行货物监管制度创新,企业获得感有限。”上海社会科学院世界经济研究所国际贸易研究室主任沈玉良说,虽然海关的“先进区、后报关”等改革取得了一定效果,但与国际先进水平相比仍有较大差距。

对于系统集成改革的难度,上海自贸区建设者有清醒认知。上海自贸区管委会负责人说,自贸区改革,突出的重点就是“打造提升政府治理能力的先行区”:“我们要做的不是简单的政府职能转变,而是一种管理上的再造”。

“观望现象”须破局

压力测试是上海自贸区建设之初制定的主要任务之一。不少基层工作者认为,压力测试要谨防顶层设计与基层探索“互相观望”,避免“能改的没先改,能试的没试全”。

沈玉良说,在自贸区改革创新中,对压力测试的界定还不够清晰,未能科学认定“防风险”和“大胆试”的界限。“前几年由于对压力测试心里没底,54条扩大开放措施中,有相当部分没有项目落地;金融改革40条试点,部分领域尚未实质性启动。”

张新也认为,自贸区制度产品供给不够,当初一些要求未能完全实现。除了国家相关部委做顶层设计外,自贸区的实践有待于尽快总结出制度性成果。

尹晨说,上海自贸区作为全国对外开放的标杆,实际上面临的是来自国际的激烈竞争。“在离岸业务企业所得税率方面,现在上海和新加坡的差距很大,我们税率25%,别人可能15%都不到。在不导致税基侵蚀和利润转移的前提下,需要尽快探索具有国际竞争力的离岸税制安排。”

“从一线操作的角度看,我们认为上海自贸区改革在推进上还存在两个方面的问题。第一个是改革协调的力度还需进一步加强。自贸区改革除涉及浦东新区层面的‘自主改’以外,还涉及多层次、多部门的协调,需要加大统筹力度。第二个是法治保障问题。自贸区改革要求在法治轨道上运行,但从目前情况来看,立法进度滞后于改革推进,法治保障还有所欠缺。这方面浦东将积极作为,加强修法调研,提出修法建议,积极做好立法储备工作。”上海市委常委、上海自贸区管委会主任翁祖亮说。

(责编:孙阳、杨曦)

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