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你只看见了余额宝的规模,知道它的风险吗?

2017-07-07 10:05:29   

SEC对货币基金改革的目标主要是增强透明度,并采取措施避免发生流动性风险。因此,美国对货币基金的监管主要措施之一是设置限制赎回门槛和赎回费用。当货币基金中最具流动性的资产比例小于30%时,基金有权利关闭一段时间赎回以及有权利引入赎回费用条款。当这一比例小于10%时,基金就会强制引入赎回费用条款,此时投资人可以赎回,但需要付出1%-2%的代价。这种方法在一定程度上可以抑制“挤兑”冲动。此外,美国将货币基金监管细分为机构类和零售类,且机构类的监管严于零售类。同时,严管信用类基金,减少对政府类基金的管控。

其实,2016年底我国金融市场流动性较为紧张的时候,银行、保险等金融机构也赎回了大量货币基金,市场上有大型货币基金遭遇巨额赎回而“爆仓”等传闻。数据显示,当季货币基金遭遇1577亿份净赎回,资金大幅流出,申购比为-3.36%。其中,华夏基金遭遇1299亿份净赎回,申购比-26.59%,成为大型基金公司中净赎回比例最高的公司。其旗下多只货币基金,赎回比例更是超过了50%。

2016年,中国证监会出台《货币市场基金监督管理办法》,对我国货币基金管理进行了规范,但对于货币基金分类监管等内容仍处于空白状态。借鉴国外经验,可以从以下3个方面完善对货币基金的监管:

  一是提高赎回门槛。目前,我国对货币基金的限制赎回要求是,流动性资产比例分别是10%和5%,低于美国的30%和10%,还有较大的调整空间。通过适当提高限制赎回门槛,可以一定程度降低投资者的赎回冲动,进而有助于防范流动性风险。基金管理人自身也应该采取多种措施,制定应急预案,加强对流动性风险的管控。

  二是实施分类管理。如分为机构类货币基金和零售类货币基金,并对机构类货币基金施以更严格的监管。以余额宝为例,虽然其投资者中机构投资者占比并不高,但随着其规模的扩大,所蕴藏的风险也在增加。近期,货币基金的年化收益率不断走高,加上股市的低迷,机构投资者不断进入,资金大进大出容易产生流动性隐患。

 三是增强基金透明度。《管理办法》指出:鼓励基金管理人结合自身条件,自愿增加货币基金信息披露的频率和内容,提高货币基金的透明度,但并没进行强制性要求。下一步,可借鉴美国做法,要求货币基金每日按照面值进行报价,进一步提高货币基金的透明度,有助于准确的掌握货币基金运行状态,也有助于规避市场挤兑风险。

余额宝长这么大,有些人高兴得睡不着,但我希望有些人因为担心而睡不着。啥也不说了,加强监管、未雨绸缪吧!(中新经纬APP)

【专家简介】董希淼,中国人民大学重阳金融研究院客座研究员,近著《有趣的金融》。

关注中新经纬微信公众号(微信搜索“中新经纬”或“jwview”),看更多精彩财经资讯。

(中新经纬版权所有,未经书面授权,任何单位及个人不得转载、摘编或以其它方式使用。本文不代表中新经纬观点。)

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