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中国仿制药发展亟待提速 走私印度药品案件频发

2017-06-30 09:39:21   经济参考报

  国产仿制药与原研药差距明显

有专家认为,之所以走私药品案件频发,追本溯源其最核心的原因是中国的仿制药产业发展不足。究其原因,虽然有中国的专利法与印度不同的因素,但印度成为“世界药房”并不单单依靠印度法律所给予的便捷,更重要的是生产技术和药品品质的保证。

印度作为仿制药生产大国,为全球200多个国家出口药品,全球20%的仿制药都来自印度,疫苗和生物制药产品出口到150个国家。更值得一提的是,印度仿制药的60%以上是出口到美欧日等发达国家的,其中美国市场上近四成的仿制药品都来自印度。

从美国市场对于印度仿制药的接纳程度上不难看出,印度仿制药除了价格低廉,更重要的是可靠的质量。据了解,在印度,优秀药厂的生产管理规范直接遵循美国FDA(食品药品管理局)的认证,目前境内拥有FDA认证的药厂共有119家,可向美国出口约900种获得FDA批准的药物和制药原料,拥有英国药品管理局认证的药厂也有80多家。此外,通过美国FDA认可的印度药厂生产成本比美国低65%,比欧洲低50%。加上凭借低成本制造、雄厚的技术、大量懂英语的合格技术人员与高质量产品,印度制药厂商可以获得大量外包生产合约,这又进一步推动了制药厂的规模扩张和产业创新。

而国产仿制药则在可信度上大大降低,业内人士坦言,我国仿制药的质量问题主要表现在:一些仿制药质量与原研药不一致,与国际先进水平差距较大;不同企业生产的仿制药存在质量差异,良莠不齐;同一仿制品种申报、生产的企业数量过多,重复严重。 “国产仿制药稳定性较差,副作用较多,会产生过敏反应,但改成对标的原研药就好了。因此,国内知名医院医生在面对重症和特殊疾病患者时仍多推荐使用进口药,并非是从价格上的考量,更多是确保治疗的有效性。”上述人士表示。

  中国仿制药发展待提速

根据此前监管机构要求,中国仿制药的一致性评价无须直接对标原研药,也可以是已经上市的仿制药,因为对标允许误差,可能会导致出现仿制药与原研药差距越来越大的现象,最终仿制药与原研药的药效彻底丧失一致性。

此外,中国药品生产厂商的工艺、流程、质量控制等关键环节漏洞较多,监管机构对于药品认证的标准与国际标准差距较大,执行力度也不足,这些因素都导致中国仿制药难以得到业界认可。

因此,中国仿制药的发展亟待提速。根据国务院确定的2017年医改重点任务,2017年10月底前将完成制定改革完善仿制药管理政策的指导性文件。

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