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市场煤与计划电问题待解 矛盾加剧或引发连锁反应

2017-06-12 17:39:12   经济参考报

在此之下,煤电矛盾再度爆发,最激烈的当属今年3月国电、华电、中铝等央企在内的七家发电企业向宁夏回族自治区经信委递交《关于近期火电企业经营情况的报告》,希望自治区政府考虑煤价大涨对火电企业以及对经济形势造成的不良影响,协调神华宁煤集团煤价降至260元/吨。而占宁夏电煤供应45%的神华宁煤集团向火电企业发出提示,要求火电企业尽快以320元/吨的价格签订季度合同,否则将无资源安排供应。

在一些煤企负责人看来,前几年煤价持续走低,煤企亏损严重的时候,也没要求政府协调涨价。现在火电企业的市场意识要增强,要提高承受市场变化的能力。而且,煤炭企业经营状况还未得到根本好转,补还安全生产欠账、职工工资、社保基金的压力依然较大,去年以来的利润上涨,是建立在相对高煤价和过低成本基础上的。尤其是成本,几乎没有了继续下降的空间,如果低成本长期持续,甚至会影响企业的正常运行和安全生产。

以中煤平朔集团有限公司为例,2015年曾亏损37.22亿元,去年盈利1.04亿元。“煤价上涨为企业扭亏贡献了17亿元,更重要的是降本增效、瘦身健体,把原煤成本降到了75元/吨,相当于十年前的水平。”集团执行董事、总经理马刚说。

而阳煤集团三年来“拆庙减人”,减少近200个科级机构、900多名科级干部,减员2万余人,吨煤成本降到228元,“几乎降到极限”。记者在采访中也发现,一些煤企地面工作人员工资水平已降至当地最低工资标准。

煤电矛盾引发了一系列连锁反应,最终涨价的压力向下游传导,电力成本占比高的工业企业生产意愿下降。“煤炭企业给火电企业发函涨价,火电企业就给我们这些大工业用户发函要求减少或终止直接交易电量,我们就无法享受或少享受火电企业的电价让利,生产成本就会上涨,不得不提高产品出厂价,进而将压力继续向下游用户传导。”宁夏某企业负责人说。

火电产能过剩严重抗成本波动能力弱

值得注意的是,与此前一轮煤电矛盾不同的是,在煤价恢复性上涨、电价不变的情况下,火电企业产能过剩问题凸显,抗成本波动的能力明显减弱。

“扩大电力直接交易是电力体制改革的方向,而一些火电企业希望政府协调减少直接交易电价让利幅度或暂缓直接交易,这是一种错误思想。”宁夏回族自治区经信委电力处处长崔海山说,当前的煤电矛盾表面上看是煤价上涨,但根子还在于电力产能过剩,火电企业要主动适应市场以化解困难。

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