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电力反垄断第一案浮出水面 山西发电企业几乎全卷入

2017-06-06 12:50:38   经济参考报

价格同盟还是改革试错

电力反垄断第一案浮出水面

山西省发电企业几乎全部卷入,涉嫌签订价格垄断协议

近日,山西省所有发电企业几乎都被卷入了一宗反垄断案件中。在案件听证会上,涉嫌签订价格垄断协议的行业协会和企业以《中华人民共和国反垄断法》不适用于电力市场以及经济不景气等理由进行申辩,并提出电力体制改革应该允许“试错”。但执法机关认为,涉案当事人有效实施了垄断协议,违反了法律相关规定,理应实施行政处罚。

《经济参考报》记者了解到,今年4月份,山西省电力行业协会、国电山西分公司等火电企业共计25个当事人被山西省价格监督检查与反垄断局下发了《行政处罚事先告知书》。执法机构在告知书中对这些机构和企业提出了行政处罚意见建议,拟对当事人进行共计逾1.3亿元罚款。

案件要追溯至2016年1月24日,当时,山西省电力行业协会组织部分火电企业在太原市西山酒店组织召开了火电企业大用户直供座谈会。会上,9家电力集团、15家独立发电厂签字通过《山西省火电企业防止恶意竞争保障行业健康可持续发展公约》,并根据《公约》第五条:“根据市场情况,各大发电集团及发电企业,按照成本加微利的原则,测算大用户直供最低交易报价,省电力行协加权平均后公布执行”,约定了2016年第二批直供电交易报价较上网标杆电价降幅不高于0.02元/千瓦时。

实际上,山西从2013年起作为试点省份开始大用户直供电交易,这被业内认为是推动全国电力市场化改革的突破口,随后该省大用户直供电交易量逐年增加。

在山西省乃至全国的电力体制改革的背景下,这是第一例具有影响力的电力价格垄断案件。基于用电企业举报,执法机关经调查后认为,多项证据显示涉案单位按约定价格实施了垄断协议,交易量约250亿千瓦时(占第二批交易总量的逾85%),交易额近80亿元。

《行政处罚事先告知书》下发后,山西省电力行业协会、华电山西能源有限公司、大唐集团公司山西分公司等19个单位对拟作出的行政处罚存在异议,并提出听证申请。听证会上,涉案单位和执法机关展开了激烈辩论。

山西省电力行业协会,和多家企业及其代表律师提出了多项申辩,主要理由是《公约》虽然签字但仍在修改中,并未正式印发生效,不应认为实施;电力市场是非完全市场,而不是反垄断法规定的完全自由市场;山西经济处于下行期;山西火电企业目前面临的困难非常大,产能严重过剩;其他省份也存在类似情况,电力市场各类主体在改革探索阶段面临复杂性和艰巨性,所以应该允许试错等。

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