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国企改革“施工图”基本完成 企业自主性增强

2016-12-28 11:11:51   

另一方面,地方国企发展驱动力更强。山东、江西、上海等省市不仅制度设计起步早,更是在改革路径上进行了突破。山东省国资委主任张新文说,山东为了让省内国企走符合自身条件的发展道路,对该减少的审批简政放权,同时也对一些企业发展战略进行布局调整。今年3月,山东省更是率先将两批18户省管企业30%国有资本共计180.65亿元划至省社保基金理事会持有,探索省属企业股权多元化。

记者在江西省国资委看到,一间会议室墙上挂着的“2016年重点工作督查督办图”非常醒目,上面列举了具体到各处室的41项改革任务和进度;山东省将改革细化为70多项内容,每旬开展统一调度。记者了解到,各地主要国有企业基本都承担了国企改革试点任务,或正在实施系统性改革,部分改革事项已经完成。

“有的国企负责人在海外投资,需要经常出国,我们会在符合政策的底线上,尽量为国企负责人提供便利。”山东省国资委主任张新文说。

在云南,资产总额达到1600多亿元的云投集团董事长孙赟说,云投集团不仅自己成立了改革领导小组,而且还在符合规则的情况下跨省在北京设立了高科技和文创投资基金,这种力度也远超当地一些央企及其下属公司。

中国诚通控股集团董事长马成武认为,在国有企业改革中,中央企业改革刚性强,地方国企改革弹性大。

国资系统一位熟悉改革的人士说,地方国企改革驱动力强、灵活性大。“某市曾经为了制定符合当地的国企改革政策,不惜得罪中央部委。”

区域性困难拖慢国企改革

记者在调研中还发现,相比绩效较好的企业,困难企业改革意愿更强烈;在竞争性领域中,国企改革更见效果;而一些国企则因区域性困难,放慢了改革步伐。

当前改革意愿强烈、积极性高、进展较快的企业中,困难企业明显多于绩效较好的企业。新余钢铁集团控股的新余凤翔带钢有限公司面对钢铁行业不景气的市场形势主动求变,探索了员工持股。

“同行业民企能挣钱,而我们一年亏这么多,如果体制机制不改革,我们将难以生存。”凤翔带钢总经理龚洪海说,虽然改革风险比较大,但不改革企业会垮掉。如今自己也持股,就只能逼着自己和骨干员工要把企业搞好,否则就没有年薪、股本金还会缩水。

竞争性领域国企改革更见效果。部分专家和国企负责人认为,相较于垄断行业的“旱涝保收”,竞争性领域国有企业忧患意识更强,改革更早、更彻底、更有成效。先行先试的企业基本集中在竞争性领域,有效经验和做法也紧密切合市场。

区域性困难拖慢国企改革。全国人大财经委副主任委员邵宁介绍,在东北地区等老工业基地,由于产业结构偏重、企业历史包袱多等原因,新出现了一批困难国有企业,如龙煤集团去年亏损45.1亿元。这些新困难企业一般规模大、职工多、负债率高,地方政府能力、财力上难以实现自行处理,使国企改革面临新挑战。

“地方领导想不想改,是否主动改革,要看是否有担当意识。”上海国资运营研究院秘书长罗新宇认为,面对本轮国企改革中的“硬骨头”,一些地方政府和国企负责人在国企改革中缺乏主动性,总抱着“等中央政策明朗再说、等别人先走走再看”的心态,导致区域内或者企业改革进度被拖慢。

罗新宇认为,国资国企改革跟当地资源禀赋、经济条件相关,不同区域改革面临的矛盾、困难和问题不尽相同,很难做到全国步调一致。例如东北地区国企面临的最大问题是怎么把历史遗留问题解决好,上海、山东等地的主要需求是混合所有制改革和激励机制,建议根据各地实际进行有针对性的分类指导,避免“一刀切”。

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