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“猛药”治理安全生产顽疾:不能总是政府急企业不急

2016-12-23 16:54:54   

罗亮权委员认为,应着力在企业自觉依法履行安全生产主体责任上取得新突破、新成效。应制定企业落实安全生产主体责任考核评价和奖惩约束机制,督促企业严格履行法定责任和义务,切实做到安全生产责任投入、培训、基础管理、应急、救援“五落实、五到位”。

“相比来讲,企业主体责任传导还不够到位,特别是企业内部责任体系建设不够完善,还没有真正把安全生产责任分解落实到每个岗位、每个职工。”车光铁委员建议进一步加大企业安全生产责任追究力度,引导企业牢固树立“安全第一、预防为主、综合治理”的安全生产理念,层层落实安全生产责任,深入和细化推进企业安全生产标准化建设,有效规范企业安全生产经营行为,严格落实内部日常教育制度,切实让安全生产知识、防范措施、操作规程等成为职工的自觉行为规范。

完善国家安全生产标准体系

新修订的安全生产法明确规定了国务院或者有关部门要制定配套法规,但是法律通过已经两年多了,实施条例还没有出台,配套法规还不完善,标准体系也存在很多问题。

张兴凯委员认为要特别重视安全生产标准的制修订工作,加大安全生产标准的投入,改变现在制定一个标准两三万块钱的局面。“安全生产标准与其他产品标准不同,产品标准可以找赞助单位,安全生产标准很难找到赞助单位,三五万块钱一个标准,只能开两次会。应将制定一部安全生产标准的费用增加到20至30万元,特别的安全生产标准制修的费用应更高。”此外,张兴凯认为,国外会经常从一系列重大事故中总结出应该修改一系列法规和标准,这种做法值得借鉴。比如,印度博帕尔事故发生后,促成美国于1987年出台了《应急计划与公众知情权法》,之后美国的化学事故就持续下降。发生托斯科埃文炼油厂爆炸事故后,美国又出台《高度危险化学品过程安全管理》标准,也起到很好的效果。

“目前,发达国家一般是用安全标准这个技术法规管理安全生产的,而在我们国家一般是用政府和部门的文件来管理安全生产,行政化色彩太重,标准的作用非常小。”陈光国委员建议,尽快建立和完善我们国家的安全生产标准体系,切实增强标准的统一性、实用性、强制性、权威性。同时,还要加强地方标准体系的建设,各个省市要结合自己的实际,整合集成国家法律法规标准的相关规定,制定完整管用、精简好用的地方标准,通过地方标准来理顺规范责任、权力和工作清单,实现“清单以标统一、企业照单排查、政府对单执法、事故按单追责”的清单受理。

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