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财税专家建言:理性看待企业税负之争

2016-12-23 10:33:07   

“很多企业抱怨电价成本高,背后附着的数千亿元附加费不容忽视。”全国政协委员、财会专家张连起说,企业必须缴纳的残疾人就业保障金,原先按最低工资标准收费,现在按实发工资缴纳,企业负担成倍增加,有的原先缴纳500万如今增加到3000万元。

强制征收的教育费附加、随工资“水涨船高”的工会费、收缴容易支取难的大公共维修基金……谈到企业吐槽的各种收费,岳树民说,对企业而言成本不分税和费,各种不合理收费最终都转嫁到企业身上,导致企业整体负担加重。

值得关注的是,中央经济工作会议已明确定调,提出要在减税、降费、降低要素成本上加大工作力度。要降低各类交易成本特别是制度性交易成本,减少审批环节,降低各类中介评估费用,降低企业用能成本,降低物流成本,提高劳动力市场灵活性,推动企业眼睛向内降本增效。

专家表示,2017年将会进一步降低税费,无疑给企业吃了颗“定心丸”。至于具体怎么减、哪个税种减,还需综合权衡制定具体政策,确保降成本取得实质性进展。

名义税率亟待下降 清费减支势在必行

中国社科院财经院院长助理张斌建议,当前有必要弄清名义税负和实际税负的区别。通常说起我国宏观税负,指的是实际税负。以往政府喜欢“宽打窄用”,名义税负会定得高一些,但因为税收征管能力,最终实际税负并没有那么高。但近几年随着我国税收征管效率的明显提升,名义税负没有降,意味着企业实际税负上升。在这一背景下,未来去成本建议降低名义税负。

降低企业负担,现行减税政策要继续贯彻落实。张连起建议,营改增全面推开,减税效应会随着时间延长不断显现,有些企业反映税负增加要具体问题具体分析,有的是用不好抵扣链条,有的原来偷漏税的现在环环抵扣无处可逃。营改增将倒逼企业自身改革,眼睛向内控制成本。

专家建议,下一步要加大力气清理各种政府性基金收费和行政性收费,要为振兴实体经济提振信心。

张斌说,积极财政政策下,必须处理好税收增速放缓和刚性支出需求增多之间的矛盾,既要避免为完成增收目标征收“过头税”加重企业负担,政府也要提高财政资金使用效率,进一步削减自身支出,保障好百姓教育、医疗等各项民生需求。

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