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制度走向成熟 养老保险可靠(政策解读·聚焦中央经济工作会议)
“老龄化的确给养老保险制度带来巨大挑战,但并非不可应对。”郑功成解释,养老保险制度是否可靠,不取决于一时一地之基金多寡,而取决于责任分担机制是否合理、取决于能否根据人口结构等变化对制度进行合理微调。我国5项社会保险基金累计结余5.9万亿元,其中养老保险基金累计节余约4万亿元。全国社会保障基金理事会还管理着约2万亿元战略储备基金。这些数据表明,养老保险基金状况良好。此外,我国还有2亿多青壮年劳动者应纳入基本养老保险,职工平均退休年龄54岁左右,第二、三层次养老保险发展空间巨大。这些因素对于养老保险制度可持续都非常有利。
郑功成认为,对养老保险制度有必要澄清3个认识误区。
——财政是否应当补贴养老金支出?“回答无疑是肯定的。这不仅是国际惯例,更是确保老年人合理分享国家发展成果的正常途径。我们可以探讨财政补贴方式,但不能否定政府财政对养老金制度应当承担的法定补贴义务。”
——眼下局部地区出现收支缺口是否必然导致全局性风险?答案是否定的。这只是现行养老保险制度采取地区分割统筹导致的结果,未来应通过改革实现全国统筹。
——我国养老保险制度会不可持续吗?“这种悲观看法没有根据。包括德国在内许多国家的养老保险制度采取现收现付制,都在稳步持续发展。我国有数以万亿元计的战略储备基金与滚存结余基金,还有巨大政策调控空间。只要加快改革步伐,构建起多层次养老保险体系,一定能实现可持续发展。”郑功成认为,我国养老保险值得信赖,是可靠的制度安排。随着改革推进,养老保险制度不仅能为全体人民提供晚年生活稳定安全预期,也将为整个经济社会健康持续发展做出积极贡献。
《 人民日报 》( 2016年12月23日 02 版) (责编:乔雪峰、夏晓伦)
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