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媒体:曹德旺“跑路”背后的中美经济大棋局

2016-12-22 13:50:11   

张德勇告诉海外网,中国的增值税学自欧洲,以商品在生产过程中的“增值额”为征税标的,采取“层层抵扣”的做法。工资之所以不能抵扣,是因为工资费用已经在所得税中进行了抵扣,如果在增值税中再次抵扣,就面临重复抵扣的问题,显然并不合理。曹德旺作为企业家对税制原理可能并不熟悉,其评价也并不准确。

事实上,税收政策也是国际竞争的一个重要方面,各国的税收政策都是考虑到各项营商成本后综合制定的,在全球资本竞争的今天,让本国的税负过高,就会伤害到本国吸引外资的“魅力”,这点哪国也不傻,正是市场机制的作用让税率达到了一种平衡。税收领域有一句名言就是,“征税的艺术,是尽可能多地拔取鹅毛,而让鹅的叫声最小。”竭泽而渔的事情,任何明智的国家都会三思。

不过,应该承认,中国的综合税负在主要经济体中偏高,这会影响到中国营商环境的竞争力。但是,相比于“取消增值税”这种不太现实的主张,更可能实施的,还是目前中国政府正在推行的“营改增”等为企业减税、减负的做法。张德勇表示,对于曹德旺提到的增值税的问题,目前主要的讨论方向是简化、合并增值税从3%到17%的的税率档次,降低增值税税率等。另一方面,由于“税收法定”,调整税率牵涉到法律的调整,对此的谨慎态度决定了其步伐不会很快。相比之下,由政府征收的各项行政收费还有下降的空间,而且“降费”比“减税”也更容易。

解码哥也听到过一些企业家抱怨,各种各样、名目繁多的这费、那费受不了,再碰上以此刁难、要挟的,大大增加了企业的经营成本。并且,企业这些多出来的成本,并没有归入国库,一些就变成了腐败分子的“寻租”收入,既不益民,也不利国。而这就需要在简政放权,建设廉洁、高效政府上多做文章,而这也是当前政府改革的重要方面。

特朗普减税“大招”面临制约

近来,日本软银孙正义、台湾富士康、福耀玻璃等知名企业准备投资美国的新闻频出,也反映出美国特朗普赢得大选之后国际经济界的一种心态。由于特朗普在竞选期间高调提出要“让美国更强大”,还提出了要把企业所得税从目前的35%一次性降到15%的主张,令外界对于其上台后美国“制造业回归”的前景表示期待。

不过,张德勇认为,特朗普的竞选言论若要变成上台后的政策,还面临着多重制约。

从国内来说,尽管特朗普代表的共和党已经控制了从白宫到国会的主要政府机构,共和党的传统政治立场也是要减税,但特朗普如此“激进”的减税主张在党内也面临着审慎意见,更不用说民主党方面了。此外,特朗普的胜选并未得到大多数国民的支持,公民选票数还低于希拉里,这也对他的所作所为构成了一种限制。

在国外,包括欧盟、日本、中国在内的各国也不会坐视美国“自己玩”,对于可能造成国际经济秩序混乱的激进“税收竞争政策”,各国都会施加压力。如果各国打“经济战”,实力已经开始衰弱的美国也受不了。

其实,综观特朗普“内阁”,有多名经济经验丰富的富商位列其中。对于世界经济秩序稳定对于经济活动的意义,他们肯定也比一般政客有着更深刻的理解。毕竟,一个经济混战、秩序紊乱的世界,不符合所有国家的利益。特朗普上台后,其政策做出适当妥协,将是大概率事件。(执笔/海外网评论员 王少喆)

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