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发达国家如何破除“邻避效应”(国际视野)

2016-12-21 10:06:16   

在德国,化工企业在开工和上新项目前,需要通过严苛的审批程序,并且通过媒体向民众公开,开通热线回应民众疑虑。班内特对本报记者表示,县政府办公楼里有一个3人常设应急小组,负责应对日常突发事故。一旦事故“升级”,应急团队将扩展到12人,由县长牵头,医疗、技术、警察、安全等各领域专家参加,来决定人员疏散、现场救援、灾情评估、信息公开等事项。

德国建立了一套安全生产事故通报系统。据德国联邦外贸与投资署的布克博士介绍,企业发生安全生产事故后,必须将事故发生的时间、地点、原因以及出现事故的设备类型等相关信息录入该系统上报,否则,其办厂资格将被取消。而且,任何人都可以在该系统网站上查询到这些信息。

10月17日,德国巴斯夫集团(以下简称“巴斯夫”)位于路德维希港的化工厂区发生剧烈爆炸。班内特说,没有任何一家化工企业可以保证百分之百不出事故。政府和企业必须时刻保持警醒,尽量避免事故发生,并与民众做好沟通。但也不能因为担心环境或安全风险就放弃工业生产。

一些民众认为,这起爆炸只是一次意外,他们对巴斯夫的生产安全依然保持信心。巴斯夫集团政府关系和企业传播高级副总裁薛安琪对本报记者说,能够得到理解,关键在于长期与民众保持透明公开的交流。爆炸发生25分钟后,巴斯夫就发布了第一条相关新闻。5分钟后,又开通了专门的市民热线电话。事发当天,该热线共接到约1400个来电。接下来两天里,巴斯夫和当地政府联合召开了两次新闻发布会,通报最新进展。10天后,巴斯夫向员工和厂区附近居民发放相关材料。12月1日,爆炸事故三方会议召开,厂方通报了事故处理情况和以后的计划。

美国陶氏化学公司位于萨勒县施科保区的工业园也很重视社区关系。园区安全生产和环保部门负责人罗兰·阿贝尔对本报记者表示,园区会不定期邀请员工及其亲友或者市民前来参观。他强调,化工企业善待自己的员工、整治好自然环境,让每个员工都发自内心地喜欢在这里工作,就是最好的“宣传手段”。口口相传,企业的良好声誉自然就建立起来了。据统计,2015年德国化工企业发生工伤的比例是每千人14.5人次,而这个工业园仅有1.15人次。

阿贝尔说,园区在安全生产和环保部门的雇员人数大大超过了法律规定,但这是值得的。企业需要通过安全和环保措施来建立自己的品牌形象和社会公信力。只有这样,民众才能在化工厂旁安心生活。

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