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频频收割地王 融信藏着怎样的“债技”

2017-09-18 09:06:37   中国经济网

融信年报显示其资产负债比率的计算公式为:资产负债比率=(借款总额-受限制现金-现金及现金等价物及初步年期超过三个月的定期存款)/权益总额;而较为大众所熟知的资产负债率计算公式则为:资产负债率=负债总额/资产总额=负债总额/(权益总额+负债总额)。

比较两个公式不难看出,两个负债率分子分母的具体构成均不同,因此差距较大。此外,“权益总额”在两个负债率中都处在分母位置,如果“权益总额”大幅增加,便能致使两负债率的最终数值产生较大变动。

2014年,融信权益总额(即股东权益合计)仅有10.29亿元;到2015年底,其权益总额较2014年翻了五番,达到50.73亿元。2016年,融信权益总额涨到230.89亿元,约是2015年的4倍。

这便是融信疯狂借债,其“资产负债比率”和“资产负债率”不升反降的原因。

一位不愿具名的注册会计师对记者表示,如果“权益总额”大幅增加且增幅超过两个负债率计算公式中分子的增幅,就能把公司债务成功“掩饰住”,为负债高的房企创造低成本债务融资的机会。

明股实债?

《国际金融报》记者通过实地走访及向多位专业人士咨询发现,融信连年猛增的权益总额背后或许是“明股实债”。

这需要从融信自2014年以来,连年猛增的“权益总额”的具体来源开始分析。

融信2015年年报显示,公司权益总额为50.73亿元,较2014年的10.29亿元猛增了40.44亿元。其中,有16.48亿元来源于“非控股股东的注资”,占新增40.44亿元的40.75%,近一小半。

融信2015年年报披露,此笔16.48亿元的注资来源于福建欧氏建设发展有限公司(下称“欧氏建设”),用于投资融信三个房地产项目并换取49%的股权。

而这家名为欧氏建设的公司,其股东为欧国义、欧国仁以及福建欧氏投资(集团)有限公司。欧国义、欧国仁和融信的实际控制人欧宗洪也是自家人,且福建欧氏投资(集团)有限公司是欧宗洪大哥欧宗金的产业。

上述不愿具名的注册会计师对记者表示,所谓“明股实债”,是房地产企业利用项目进行股权型融资,约定收益和股权回购期限,作为债权人的项目小股东给项目提供“股东贷款”,在其财报中一般不会被计入负债。

再看融信2016年新增的权益总额具体来源可以发现,又有一笔来自非控股权益的注资占到权益总额230.89亿元的36.68%。但是,融信在其2016年年报中并未披露此非控股权益的具体来源。

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