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【砥砺奋进的五年】万里归国只为三尺讲台 立志培养世界最杰出的科学家

2017-09-10 17:02:38   国际在线

不管是植物还是人类,自然界所有真核细胞的基因表达都遵循着从DNA到RNA再到蛋白质的中心法则。

这个过程中,第一步叫转录、第二步为剪接,第三步为翻译。蛋白质是构成生命的基本元素,但DNA并不直接制造蛋白质,这就需要DNA“写一封信”给核糖体,告诉它怎么制造蛋白质,这封“信”的名字就叫“初始信使RNA”,剪接体拿到之后,将其修改成“成熟信使RNA”,而后再交给核糖体,核糖体就按照这封修改过的“信”制造蛋白质。

“剪接体的工作是中心法则中的关键环节。”施一公介绍说,在DNA上,起到“合成蛋白质”作用的编码部分与非编码部分是间隔交错的,只有通过剪接体把不需要的部分去除,把编码部分拼接,生成成熟信使RNA,才能进一步翻译蛋白质。

施一公资料图,图片源自清华大学。

然而,这个重要环节却常常出错,引发诸多疾病。

资料显示,人类35%的遗传紊乱与剪接体直接相关,诸多疾病也由此而生,例如老年痴呆、慢性淋巴细胞性白血病、脊髓型肌肉萎缩症等。

自1997年“剪接现象”首次被发现至今,剪接体的原子结构解析,成为世界顶级实验室的攻坚对象,终因其复杂性、难度巨大,无法突破。

也就是说,20年间没人看见过剪接体的模样,在结构决定功能的生命科学世界里,这就很难解释它的发病机理,药物研究更是无从谈起。

施一公团队首次呈现出了接近原子尺度的剪接体三维结构,以及它进行剪接的工作机理。

“这项研究成果的意义,很可能超过我过去25年科研生涯中所有研究成果的总和。” 施一公说。

揭示细胞凋亡机理 研发抗癌新药

每一次获奖,只是施一公科研生涯中的又一个光环而已。

北京时间2014年3月31日晚11点,当地时间下午5点,在斯德哥尔摩音乐厅举行的瑞典皇家科学院年会的颁奖典礼上,施一公荣获2014年爱明诺夫奖。

施一公教授成为爱明诺夫奖自1979年设立35年以来的第46位得主,同时也是首位获得该奖的中国科学家。

爱明诺夫奖是由瑞典皇家学院于1979年设立颁发的国际奖项,用以奖励世界范围内在晶体学领域做出重大贡献的科学家,每年颁发给不超过3名科学家,个别年度空缺。施一公教授是2014年爱明诺夫奖的唯一获奖人。

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