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美国华人科学家研制新型锂离子电池 免除爆炸风险

2017-09-08 16:43:39   

中国日报网9月8日电 综合外媒9月7日报道,美国华人科学家6日发表研究论文称,他们研制出一种基于水基电解液的新型锂离子电池,可以消除目前普遍困扰人们的锂离子电池爆炸风险。

该论文发表在6日出版的最新一期美国《焦耳》杂志上,由在美国马里兰大学的王春生教授、杨重寅博士以及美国陆军研究实验室资深化学家许康等合作完成。

英国广播公司(BBC)网站报道称,这种锂离子电池储存的能量完全可以满足家用电器的需求,而且即使用硬物反复撞击都不会起火或爆炸。

论文作者之一许康表示:“在过去,如果想制造高能量锂电池,就必须选择非水电解质电池,但这样一来电池的安全性就会打折扣,如果你更看重安全性,就必须使用水电解质电池,比如镍金属氢化物电池。现在,我们的研究表明新型锂电池既可以拥有高能量,又具有高安全性。”

2015年时,该团队曾研制成功一款水电解质电池,但其储存的能量仅有3伏级,此次研发的新型锂电池达到了4伏级。杨重寅等研究人员表示,这是第一次实现水基电解液的4伏级电池,从原理上说是很重大的基础性突破。

他们解释说,传统商用化锂离子电池使用极易燃的有机电解液,安全隐患严重。而用不可燃的水基电解液替换有机电解液的问题在于,前者电化学稳定窗口一般小于2伏,一旦电极电压超过这个数字,电解液就失去稳定,因此能量密度受限。

最新研究的关键在于避免锂金属或石墨电极直接接触水基电解液中的水分子而导致还原产氢。为此,他们开发出一种非常疏水的胶体保护层材料,均匀包覆在电极表面,有效防止了水分解副反应导致的电极失效。

更关键的是,他们发现,在最初的充放电循环中,保护层中特定组分在负极表面原位形成更为致密疏水的固体电解液界面层,进一步钝化了负极表面,并且这一固体界面层可在局部破损情况下自我修复,保证了电池的长期稳定性。

不过,许康表示,他们的研究成果还需要进一步完善,才能最终实现商业化生产。

(译者:崔美琴 编辑:严玉洁)

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