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万里归国只为三尺讲台 立志培养世界最杰出的科学家

2017-09-10 16:36:39   中国经济网

【砥砺奋进的五年 圆梦中国人系列报道】

未来网北京(www.k618.cn)9月10日电(记者 贺卓辉)“我和团队所从事的是结构生物学研究,也是一项基础领域研究,今天可以得到这一大奖是因为国家过去十多年对基础研究的连续投入,不然是万万没有可能的。”在近日的一次颁奖典礼上,清华大学副教授、中科院院士施一公通过电话连线表达了获奖后的感受。

9日下午,有“中国版诺贝尔奖”之称的第二届“未来科学大奖”在北京揭晓。清华大学教授、结构生物学家施一公,中国科学技术大学教授、量子通信卫星“墨子号”首席科学家潘建伟,北京大学国际数学研究中心教授许晨阳分别获得“生命科学奖”“物质科学奖”和“数学与计算机科学奖”,奖金各为100万美元。

施一公的获奖评语:表彰他在解析真核信使RNA剪接体这一关键复合物的结构,揭示活性部位及分子层面机理的重大贡献。

施一公主要运用生化和生物物理的手段研究细胞调亡的分子机制、重要膜蛋白以及细胞内生物大分子机器的结构与功能。

“我有一个非常拼命努力又非常有创新能力的团队,这个大奖虽然是颁给我本人的,但却是对我的团队和课题组的奖励。”施一公表示。

首次呈现“剪接体”结构 树生命科学领域里程碑

施一公获奖的“剪接体”研究成果于2015年8月23日公布。

8月21日,施一公团队在世界顶级期刊《科学》(Science)以及期刊在线同时发表了两篇研究长文,《3.6埃的酵母剪接体结构》和《前体信使RNA剪接的结构基础》。

这两篇关于“剪接体”的文章,被誉为是生命科学领域里程碑式的巨大发现。其成就在于,让人类第一次更清楚地“看见”剪接体的结构和它的工作过程。其意义在于,为开发治疗老年痴呆等疾病的高效药奠定基础。

这项研究是施一公的4人团队,6年潜心研究后的成果。

很多人对“剪接体”不了解,却常常听起老年痴呆、慢性淋巴细胞性白血病、脊髓型肌肉萎缩症等疾病。

“剪接体”与诸多疾病的关系,还要从“中心法则”说起。

不管是植物还是人类,自然界所有真核细胞的基因表达都遵循着从DNA到RNA再到蛋白质的中心法则。

这个过程中,第一步叫转录、第二步为剪接,第三步为翻译。蛋白质是构成生命的基本元素,但DNA并不直接制造蛋白质,这就需要DNA“写一封信”给核糖体,告诉它怎么制造蛋白质,这封“信”的名字就叫“初始信使RNA”,剪接体拿到之后,将其修改成“成熟信使RNA”,而后再交给核糖体,核糖体就按照这封修改过的“信”制造蛋白质。

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