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有效识别风险 向非法集资说“不”

2017-09-04 06:20:50   中国青年网

(3)装点门面,用合法的外衣或名人效应骗取群众的信任。为给犯罪活动披上合法外衣,不法分子往往成立公司,办理完备的工商执照、税务登记等手续,以掩盖其非法目的,而无实际经营或投资项目。这些公司采取在豪华写字楼租赁办公地点、聘请名人作广告等加大宣传,骗取群众信任。

(4)利用网络,通过虚拟空间实施犯罪、逃避打击。不法分子租用境外服务器设立网站或设在异地,发展人头一般用代号或网名。有的还通过网站、博客、论坛等网络平台和qq、msn等即时通讯工具,传播虚假信息,诱骗群众上当。

三、合法理财与非法集资的本质区别

一是企业资质不同。常见的委托理财包括银行、保险公司、证券公司等发行的理财产品、股票、基金等。根据《商业银行法》《证券法》等相关规定,从事金融类理财活动,必须具备从事受托投资管理业务的特许经营资质,获得金融监管部门的批准登记,审批手续规范严格;而投资、投资咨询、担保等一些非银行投融资类公司,并不是经金融监管部门批准的金融机构,其经营范围通常是“自有资金对外投资、投资(经济)信息咨询、债的担保”等,根本不具有吸收公众存款的经营资质;至于一般性商业、美容健身、生产性企业等非金融类经营主体,则更不具备吸收存款的资质。

二是合同主体法律关系不同。委托理财合同中,合同主体通常是消费者和银行等金融机构,双方是一种委托关系,受托人以委托人名义从事理财活动,理财风险和收益由委托人自己承担、享有。而在一些非法集资活动中,经营者往往名为理财,实为借贷,与投资人签订的多是借款合同,双方属于借贷关系,经营者通常不以投资人名义从事专项理财活动,而是将非法吸收的钱款挪作他用,进行一些期货、高利贷等高风险的投资项目,一旦其资金链断裂,则有可能关门倒闭,人去楼空。

三是理财回报率高低不同。最高人民法院《关于人民法院审理借贷案件的若干意见》明确规定,民间借贷的利率最高不得超过银行同类贷款利率的四倍。另据了解,目前银行发行的各类理财产品中,收益率通常在5%左右,鲜有收益超出10%的产品,且不是所有产品都保证收益。同时,根据《商业银行理财产品销售管理办法》,商业银行发行理财产品时,应当提供专页风险揭示书、客户风险承受能力评级等内容。而在非法集资活动中,经营者宣称的收益高达20%—30%,有的甚至在50%以上。合同中不但回避理财风险的提示,多数还列明“赚钱、亏钱都支付固定收益”的保底条款。消费者在投资前,最好参考一下银行存贷款利率和普通金融产品的回报率,明显偏高的投资回报很可能是投资陷阱。

四、如何有效识别、防范非法集资

1.对照银行贷款利率和普通金融产品的回报率是否过高来识别投资风险,多数情况下明显高于合法机构的利率和投资回报很可能就是投资陷阱。

2.通过政府部门网站,查询相关机构或企业是不是具有中国人民银行、中国证监会、中国银监会、中国保监会及省政府金融办等国家有关金融监管部门颁发的相应金融业务许可证。

3.通过查询工商登记资料,不仅要查明相关企业是否是经过法定注册的合法企业,是否办理了税务登记,特别要重点查询企业的经营范围,是否属于超范围经营。

4.对亲朋好友低风险、高回报的投资建议和反复劝说,要多与懂行的朋友和专业人士仔细商量,审慎决策,防止成为其发展下线的目标。如果实在无法判断是否是非法集资,消费者可以向工商、公安、金融等有关部门进行咨询,或者向银行、保险等金融单位进行询问,如实了解产品的真实面目,作出科学、合理的判断。

中国农业银行山西分行宣

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