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通识教育要立足文化自信,紧密结合专业

2017-09-03 09:35:51   央广网

复旦大学

通识教育重在内涵建设

许宁生:复旦把推进通识教育与人才培养目标紧密关联,最近几年加大力度,对通识教育加强内涵建设,从板块角度做了一些梳理,对课程内容做了提升,并将之称为通识教育2.0版。我们最近又在进一步强化,针对“双一流”建设要求,制订了本科教育行动计划,明确了通识教育在整个体系的定位,使它在“2+X”体系里的定位进一步得到明确,下一步还会在课程、教师参与、书院建设、网络慕课课程的建设等方面加强对接。我们还有很多事要做。总的来讲,从教师到学生,都非常愿意参与到其中去。

重庆大学

加强创新,加强实践

廖瑞金:重庆大学是理工尤其工科特色比较突出的大学,做人文社科和通识是有很大难度的。2007年,我们全面提速加强通识教育,要把这个短板补上。我们在通识教育的顶层设计上下了一番功夫,通过“楔行”设计,在通识课程上安排一年级多一点,二年级、三年级、四年级逐渐少一点,这样做是根据实际情况,也有利于通专结合,甚至通专融合。在培养目标上,我们也结合了自身的理工特色,提出了要按照人文素养、思辨能力、科学精神和创新实践能力目标来推进,要求培养学生的社会责任感、科学精神与人文精神的结合。同时,结合理工学校的特点,要求不光是有好的想法,还要具有把这个想法转化为行动的能力。我们课程的模块是四大模块:人文学科、社会科学、科学技术、创新实践。四大模块中,我们也根据理工特色力促向通专融合方向发展并加强实践。比如科学技术课程方面,我们发动了很多优秀教授来开设,把这门学科历史发展、脉络弄清楚,还要与当时的社会环境,发展过程中的科学精神、社会人文、经济条件融合在一起,这样听起来比较有情趣,也是向通专融合发展。我和理工科类电气学科的专家们聊天,发现他们也不十分清楚电气学科发展中的人文、科学精神在特定历史条件下所发挥的作用,可见我们把人文、科学精神提炼、开发出来的价值。还有创新实践课程,我们要求要有把想法转化成实践的能力,这需要思辨、教学和实践结合起来,让学生加强创新,加强实践的能力训练。

周叶中:“十三五”规划里面的内容,既包括要区分不同类型的大学,要区分学术型人才和应用型人才,又强调要建立通识教育与专业教育相结合的培养制度。我认为,这是一种重大的战略调整。至少有两点:一是中国经济社会发展到了新的历史时期,它对人才的要求和过去已经不一样了。如果我们不能够适应经济社会发展内在要求的话,那么将来的人才怎么引领国家进步,引领社会发展?二是中国高等教育本身发展到了新的历史时期,提出了新的内在要求。过去我们虽然也讲又红又专,但更多的时候还是专业教育居于主导地位。而传统专业教育的弊端主要在于:将专门人才工具化,将专业教育职业化。也就是说,将学生从工具的角度,从实用工具,进行培养,大学教育则表现出职业化,功利化的特点。虽然在相当一段时期,由于人才很缺,确实需要专业技术和专业领域比较熟悉的人,这种做法可以让人才尽快上岗,但我们要看到,中国高等教育发展到现在,人才各个方面的储备从数学到质量都和过去不一样了,这就给中国高等教育体系提出了新的要求,即回归大学本质,立足于人的成长。

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