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中国造船业跻身世界前列(专家解读)
2017-09-02 05:20:54 中国青年网
随着超大型原油轮、超大型集装箱船等超大型船舶的成功研发,中国造船业拓展了新的领域,扩大了国际市场份额;随着现代造船技术的应用,中国部分船舶造船周期与世界先进水平相当,造船效率大幅提高,建造质量不断提升。
在快速发展的过程中,中国造船业的设计和建造能力得到大幅度提升,逐步转向LNG船、VLCS船等高技术船舶的研发。近日,中国两家造船企业在对法国海运公司的VLCS船订单争夺战中,力克韩国三家大型造船公司,拿下订单。再者,中国国内船舶市场的需求也越来越旺盛。目前,中国骨干船厂普遍采用现代造船技术,大大缩短了造船周期。近年来,中国受教育人口多,从业人员素质普遍有所提升,造船企业也加大了对产业工人、研发人员以及管理人员的投入,提高他们的综合素质。此外,中国吸收了国外先进技术,提升了自主创新能力,努力研发高新技术船舶以及高附加值船舶。在造船产业发展过程中,政府也为产业的发展创造了转型升级的良好条件,改善了创新环境。
目前全球造船业的现状是中、韩、日、欧四极竞争格局。新兴造船国家所具备的竞争优势基本集中在劳动力和生产资料的低廉成本方面,历次造船产业转移的基本驱动力主要来自于资源和要素的比较优势。中国在劳动力成本、深水岸线等资源上具有一定的比较优势;同时,船舶融资优势和政府的支持政策也促进了中国造船业竞争力的提升,使得中国在三大主流船型的竞争中具有比较充分的优势。未来决定造船业发展的关键因素是先进的造船技术和良好的融资环境。
中国造船业的发展为新兴造船国家提供了诸多可供借鉴的经验,如充分发挥劳动力等价格低廉的成本比较优势,政府加以引导,先建造一些技术含量较低的船舶,培养出大量熟练的技术工人,然后再扩大规模,实现产业升级。
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