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专家支招怎样消弭预付费经营风险

2017-09-01 06:16:06   中国青年网

现在一有问题就提出要加强监管,但是政府部门不是没有监管,也不是没有审批程序,这种发现问题然后补漏洞的做法并没有触及问题的根源。

“卷款而逃”问题如何规范治理

记者:要防范教育培训机构的这一风险,是否有必要统一加强对预付费(预付卡)的管理,并把教育培训机构也纳入监管范畴。

熊丙奇:针对教育培训机构“卷款而逃”的问题,目前主要通过两条途径进行治理,一是行业自治,有的地方教育培训机构从行业声誉出发(教育培训机构破产、关门影响行业声誉),发起签订诚信承诺的活动,并设立保证金,参与的教育机构都设立保证金账户,以防机构倒闭,用以清偿预付学费者的学费。二是地方教育行政部门明确要求教育培训机构建立风险保证金制度,规定培训机构必须把风险保证金存入政府部门指定的银行,设立账号,由银行保管。

程平源:按照我的看法,目前教育培训机构不是乱象,而是幻象。教育培训本身并不适合市场化运作,一旦进入市场,追逐利润,大家都要生存,总要寻求一个盈利的手段。根本上解决的办法就是不能放任市场规律扭曲教育培训规律。现在已经市场化了,怎么解决?还是需要法治,需要市场规律,不能过分地依靠强烈的行政干预,表面上看行政干预挺好,但政府部门不是万能的。

记者:但此类事件仍时有发生,我们注意到,在上述两种治理途径中,比如第一种治理手段并不具有强制性,而且各教育培训机构给保证金账户存入的钱也不明确。第二种治理手段在执行中也会出现问题,比如有的培训机构并没有注册为学校,而是注册为企业,对外以学校为名进行招生、经营,对于这类培训机构,教育部门无从监管。还有的教育培训机构并没有按规定比例存入保证金,但监管部门并没有严肃追查。于是,当教育培训机构倒闭后,学生、家长难以维权的事依旧发生。

熊丙奇:要改变这种情况,应该把预付款这种经营方式纳入统一管理。对于教育培训机构来说,首先要明确,所有教育培训机构都应该注册为企业——我国2010年颁布的教育规划纲要已明确对民办教育进行分类管理,分为营利性的民办教育和非营利性的民办教育,社会教育培训机构就应该属于营利性的民办教育,因此要注册为企业,纳入工商监管。进一步,对于所有采用预付费方式的企业法人,应不分行业、经营规模都纳入治理,像小规模的教育培训机构,其和大规模培训机构采取的先统一收学费再开课的方式是一样的。应该要求所有发放预付卡、采取预付费方式的企业,都必须将规定额度的风险保证金存入指定银行,并按一定比例投保,这样才能对这类经营活动进行规范治理,同时也消除教育培训业的乱象。

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