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家事案件执行如何突破“难上加难”困境

2017-08-31 04:10:47   中国青年网

在清点财产过程中,双方因一床被子又发生争吵,男方说他买的,女方说她买的。执行人员与村干部及时劝说,双方才冷静下来。

经过两个多小时的工作,执行人员把法律文书列明的财物全部装上女方带来的运输车辆上。女方签字认可后,执行人员才舒了口气。

“此类家事执行案件,双方矛盾更加尖锐和突出,对抗性强。村干部懂得人情世故,了解风土人情,能和当事人谈心,有利于减少双方的对立情绪,借助他们的力量能提高执行效果,真正实现案结事了。”王宏伟说。

蔡尚红举例说,在一起探视权案件的执行中,因男方拒绝女方看望孩子,女方申请法院强制执行。男方情绪激动地对执行人员说:“离婚是因为她,孩子现在也恨她。她来看什么?是看我和孩子的笑话?你们那么多案件执行不完,为啥要干预我和孩子的平静生活?你们再逼我,我就死给你们看。”

执行人员找来妇联、学校老师、心理咨询师分别与男方沟通,告诉其探视权源于父母与子女之间的血脉亲情,正是基于这种亲情,母亲一方对孩子进行探望,使母亲的角色在孩子的记忆与情感中不致缺失,使之在孩子的身心成长中发挥积极作用。最后,男方情绪平静,同意女方按判决书上面的探视时间看望孩子。

“如果不是妇联、学校老师、心理咨询师积极介入,男方的对抗情绪很难消除,此案也难以执行。”王宏伟说,探视权、监护权等身份关系案件的执行,关系到未成年子女的身心健康,一旦强制执行,无疑会对未成年子女造成生理和心理伤害,是法院执行的一大难点,只有根据每个案件的特点和子女的具体情况,以尽量有利于其健康成长的方式来执行。

家事案件执行缺乏可操作性

“对于婚姻家庭、继承案件的判决或裁定,履行义务的一方拒不履行判决或裁定所确定的义务,法院依当事人一方的申请可以强制执行,但家事案件确实存在执行难的问题。”中国政法大学教授李建伟在接受采访时认为,婚姻法明确规定,对拒不执行有关扶养费、抚养费、赡养费、财产分割、遗产继承、探望子女等判决或裁定的,由法院依法强制执行,有关个人和单位应负协助执行的责任。但是,对于一方按判决依法行使监护权而另一方拒不履行的时候如何操作,法律规定不明确,可操作性不强。

宁陵县法院成立的家事法庭就是专门审理以婚姻家庭关系为纽带的民事案件,主要包括离婚、“三养”(赡养、抚养、扶养)、继承、家庭析产、收养关系、亲子关系、家暴遗弃、干涉婚姻自由、侵犯未成年人教育成长权利、家庭成员之间债务等十余类因家庭矛盾纠纷引发的案件。

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