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家事案件执行如何突破“难上加难”困境

2017-08-31 04:10:47   中国青年网

“很多家事案件进入诉讼环节都是因为矛盾较深。”宁陵县法院家事审判庭庭长卫峰说,家事案件其实在审理阶段就已对家庭、亲情关系构成伤害,进入执行后就应考虑案件当事人之间的身份关系,尽量修复已受伤害的家庭、亲情关系。此类案件的执行应遵循“和为贵”的执行理念,以消除当事人之间的对立情绪、恢复当事人之间的感情、促成当事人之间的和睦相处,促进家庭等和谐为根本目标。

“普通民商事案件,尤其是契约纠纷案件发生在市场交易主体之间,执行当事人之间的关系往往是陌生人关系,可以做到案结事了。家事案件的申请执行人与被执行人之间存在亲情或血缘关系,且这种关系不因双方纠纷的存在而消灭。比如夫妻双方离婚以后,虽然婚姻关系已消灭,但因子女这个纽带的联系而存在的亲情关系同样会影响以后双方的生活。”王宏伟认为,此种特殊性使得家事案件的执行不可能像一般民事案件那样简单执行了事,执行过程也比普通执行案件难。

王宏伟举例说,定期支付抚养费、赡养费以及探视权的行使,都具有较长的执行周期,可能需要执行多次。执行实践中经常出现一种情况,这一次执行较为顺利,下一次被执行人就可能因多方面原因拒不履行。

“在法律规定不明确,可操作性不强的情况下,我们对家事案件执行尽量不采取强制性措施,主要通过借助社会力量与被执行人交心、谈心,使其认识到自己存在的问题和不足,自觉履行法律文书确定的义务并积极修复原有的家庭、亲情,维护良好的婚姻家庭秩序和社会关系。”王宏伟说。

“缺乏法定的执行措施是家事案件执行难的现实原因。”李建伟认为,民事诉讼法规定的查封、扣押、冻结等强制执行措施,对家事案件执行并不是很适用,一旦适用这些措施有可能激化双方的矛盾,产生不良后果,与家事案件执行的初衷相违背,不利于社会和谐。法律应当从未成年子女的身心健康出发,作出明确的可操作性的规定。

王宏伟认为,强制执行和说服教育相结合是我国民事执行中一条基本原则,家事案件执行应强化说服教育方式,慎用强制执行方式,注重借助社会力量,比如建立与妇联、社区、人民调解组织进行沟通联动的工作机制,邀请妇联、村委会、社区等组织共同调解或请求相关部门协助支持,以联动合力达到促进家庭和谐与社会和谐的双重目的。

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