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探索农村宅基地未来的“义乌智慧”

2017-08-30 06:21:58   中国青年网

据了解,香溪印象项目总投资4.7亿元。目前可安排住宅的820套中已经安置818套。下沿塘村原村庄用地130亩,新社区集聚通过宅基地权益置换,以高层公寓、产业用房、货币等方式安置,需总用地面积80亩,比原村庄节约用地40%。

“1+7+9”

制度核心智慧

今年是义乌农村土地制度改革试点的攻坚期。两年多前,义乌被确定为全国农村土地制度改革试点城市,承担宅基地制度改革试点任务。两年来,义乌不断以新亮点、新举措推进新城镇化建设,让更多的农民有获得感。

义乌农村宅基地制度改革的核心智慧就是:“1+7+9”的制度体系。这套体系,从宅基地的取得置换、抵押担保、入市转让、有偿使用、自愿退出、明晰产权及民主管理等七方面进行了制度创新,简称“一意见、七办法、九细则”。

“一意见”,即《关于推进农村宅基地制度改革试点工作的若干意见》,作为改革纲领性文件,统领七个办法,这些办法主要包括七项具体配套政策制度,重点破解农民建房难;赋予农民住房财产权抵押、融资、处置功能,盘活农民住房财产权;探索建立农村宅基地使用权转让制度;探索建立超标准占用宅基地等有偿使用制度;建立宅基地退出机制,解决退出宅基地的统筹利用方式等问题;重点解决农村住房历史遗留的土地和规划问题,夯实宅基地权利基础;发挥村民自治组织对农村宅基地的民主管理作用等。

根据七个办法,在操作层面,又设计了九项实施细则,其中,《义乌市农村宅基地有偿调剂细则》规定,农村更新改造取得的宅基地分配权在落地之前,权利人自愿退出宅基地的,在确保户有所居的前提下,遵循自愿有偿的原则,可由村级组织统一回购,再通过市场公开配置方式有偿调剂给本村集体经济组织成员。

多样化成果

城乡发展更协调

两年多的努力,义乌试点的成果是多样的:

在城镇规划红线范围内,推进城乡新社区集聚建设,提升居住环境,通过租金增加了农民财产性收入;

通过农村住房历史遗留问题处理,让农民宅基地权利有了基础;

通过办理农村宅基地房地一体的不动产权证,农民宅基地权益有了法律保障;

通过宅基地抵押和转让,农民宅基地权能更加完整。通过宅基地抵押贷款,使宅基地这一农民最大的沉睡财产显化。农民经商办企业用钱,可以不用求别人担保,只要凭自己的农村住房不动产权证就可以直接到银行办理了,而且月息只有4.53‰。目前,义乌全市24家金融机构均可开展业务办理,已累计办理不动产宅基地抵押登记1475宗,贷款金额8.6亿元。

宅基地,事关农民的核心利益。义乌市在改革实施中紧紧围绕正确处理好农民和土地关系这条主线,坚持农村土地制度改革与国家城镇化综合试点、农村“三位一体”改革、户籍制度改革、扩权强镇改革等国家级、省级各项改革协同推进,系统破解新型城镇化“人往哪里去、钱从哪里来、空间在哪里”的问题,加快推进以人为核心的全域城镇化,真正实现了城乡协调发展。

改革前,义乌市城镇化率为75%,现在义乌城镇化率为78%。改革推进了农业现代化,组建了市镇两级农民合作经济组织联合会和资金互助会,累计发放互助借款贷款超1.8亿元,切实提高了为农综合服务水平。

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