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网上法庭·电子诉讼·公平正义

2017-08-30 04:26:28   中国青年网

第三,电子诉讼庭审实质化的难题。电子诉讼相对于传统诉讼模式带来一系列的深刻变革,传统线下审判的亲历性、直接性都会面临着新的挑战。一是通过视频等进行调查取证、审前程序、开庭审理,对线下开庭审理的直接原则、言词原则与公开原则的挑战,视频庭审对宽带传输、音响设备及摄像集成、同步等方面的要求较高,在没有相应硬件技术条件的支持下,将会限制视频庭审的应用;二是线上线下程序的具体转换规则及已进行程序的效力尚未明确。虽然《诉讼平台审理规程》第十四条规定,对于疑难复杂或其他不适合在诉讼平台审理的案件,转线下审理,但是对程序转化的启动权、不适合线上审理的具体情形、已进行的线上诉讼的效力认定问题等,仍需不断在实践中探索明确。

严格遵循、充分体现司法规律是电子诉讼制度建设的基本原则。虽然“互联网+”时代是一个创新发展的时代,但是并没有改变司法规律,互联网带给我们的挑战恰恰是如何在“互联网+”时代遵循司法规律。遵循司法规律,在电子诉讼过程具体就是要遵循审判的不受干扰性、直接性、诚实性、庭审的决定性和公开性的要求。遵循司法规律,就可以研究解决电子诉讼背后的深层次价值选择问题。电子诉讼制度建设的背后需要对民事诉讼价值进行权衡和选择,例如诉讼经济与程序正义、程序加快与审理彻底、言辞与书面审理、司法公正和一般人格权保护等重要价值的衡量,这些价值选择直接决定着立法和法律解释的方向,决定具体制度规则的设置。尤其是要重视电子诉讼中对诉讼参与人一般人格权的保护,电子诉讼虽然给当事人带来极大的便捷,但却存在巨大的隐私及其他人格权保护的风险,要避免侵害人格权的风险,就要在电子诉讼制度设计上作必要限制。只有遵循司法规律,大力推进网上法庭的创新实践,不断加强对电子诉讼的理论研究,才能解决电子诉讼实践中的各类疑难问题。

基于网上法庭司法实践过程中出现的各类问题,在遵循司法规律的前提下,应提前谋划研究,提出切实解决问题的对策:

首先,加强电子诉讼的配套制度及基础设施建设。一是加快电子签名和安全电子传输渠道的建设。依据《中华人民共和国电子签名法》的规定,积极协同相关部门推进电子签名法的实施,确立电子签名的法律效力及适用规则,为电子法律文书的提交和送达建立现实基础。借鉴试点网上法庭的有效做法,建立安全可靠的电子传输渠道,确保电子送达和电子提交的真实性和有效性。二是确保法院内部网络的互联互通,保持法院之间网络的兼容性与开放性。现有法院内网、网上法庭、移动手机等平台各有用途,亦各自为政。在加强基础设施建设阶段,应加强平台系统之间兼容性和开放性的性能建设,推进各级法院间的网络联通兼容,建立与其他行政部门的数据连接端口,确保法院各类网络平台的一致性和协同性。三是建设能够进行庭审的网上法庭。建设可控性强、摄像集成保真度、同步性高的技术设备,能够进行异地当事人录音录像、实时传输的网上法庭,为进行视频庭审打下稳定良好的设备基础。

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