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社会保险基金属于贪污罪中的“特定款物”
2017-08-28 08:21:53 中国青年网
二、主要内容和理解适用
《批复》分两款:第1款规定:养老、医疗、工伤、失业、生育等社会保险基金可以认定为《最高人民法院、最高人民检察院关于办理贪污贿赂刑事案件适用法律若干问题的解释》第1条第2款第1项规定的“特定款物”。第2款规定:根据刑法和有关司法解释规定,贪污罪和挪用公款罪中“特定款物”的范围有所不同,实践中应注意区分,依法适用。
《批复》作上述规定,主要有以下几点考虑:
一是根据《解释》规定原意,坚持严格解释原则。根据《解释》第1条第2款第1项规定,贪污救灾、抢险、防汛、优抚、扶贫、移民、救济、防疫、社会捐助等特定款物的,要从重处罚。这是由于救灾、抢险、防汛、优抚、扶贫、移民、救济、防疫、社会捐助等特定款物的性质和用途特殊,这些特定款物对于保障人民群众的基本生产生活、生命健康等具有重要作用。国家工作人员贪污上述特定款物的行为,相对贪污普通公共财物,具有更为严重的社会危害性。“两高”在制定《解释》时,考虑到特定款物除了“救灾、抢险、防汛、优抚、扶贫、移民、救济、防疫、社会捐助”这九类之外,其范围今后可能有必要根据实际情况适当调整,因此,在这项特定款物之前规定了“等”。同时,对《解释》第1条第2款第1项规定中的“等”在司法实践中如何理解适用,达成两点共识:第一,严格适用范围,即对《解释》明确规定九类特定款物之外的“等”其他特定款物的认定要从严把握。一般来说,要按照相当性原则进行掌握。换言之,只有与这九类特定款物具有实质相当性的款物才可以认定为其他特定款物。实质相当性的判断,可从有关款物的性质、用途,贪污特定款物的危害后果等方面进行综合认定。第二,严格程序要求,即地方各级司法机关无权对《解释》第1条第2款第1项规定的“等”作出解释,个案需适用这项规定“等”特定款物的,应当层报“两高”。“两高”对具有普遍性、典型性的请示问题,可以考虑以批复等形式予以明确。
二是根据国情和司法需求,考虑加大对社会保险基金刑法保护的必要性和可行性。《解释》实施以来,多地就该解释第1条第2款第1项规定的“等”的理解适用请示最高检,请示的对象除了养老保险基金、医疗保险基金、工伤保险基金、失业保险基金、生育保险基金外,还有退耕还林补助款、二女结扎户奖励金、整村推进项目资金、危旧房改造资金、农机补贴、种子化肥补贴等。通过对请示所涉对象的性质、用途、功能、重要性等进行比较研究,从有利于发展社会主义市场经济、保护最广大人民群众的权益、维护社会稳定的角度出发,我们认为有必要加大对社会保险基金的刑法保护。
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