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赢得全球营商环境竞争新优势

2017-08-25 04:31:36   中国青年网

当然,我国营商环境与企业诉求和国际高标准仍有差距。一是整体开放水平仍有提升空间,特别是金融、教育、文化、医疗等部分服务业领域有待继续扩大开放。二是不少服务业领域大门已经开放,但从事各项具体业务仍需行业主管部门核准。三是项目前置审批时间偏长、环节偏多。四是税负仍有下降空间。

进一步厘清利用外资的战略思路

当前和今后一个时期,利用好外资实现经济向更高形态发展,需要做好三个转变:

从世界工厂向世界市场转变。世界经济复苏乏力形势下,市场需求是最稀缺的资源。谁掌握了市场需求,谁就在吸引投资方面掌握了最大主动权。要系统设计政策框架,通过提高中低收入群体收入水平、推进新型城镇化等措施,将内需潜力真正释放出来,让广阔市场空间成为吸引外资的核心竞争力。

从引资为主向引资、引技、引智有机结合转变。充分利用国内良好人力资本和产业配套优势,加大对跨国公司地区总部、研发中心、财务管理中心等高端环节的吸引,更加注重吸收搭载在国际投资中的技术创新能力、先进管理经验和高素质人才,推动产业转型升级和制造业强国战略实施。要从产业开放、税收政策等入手,打造承接研发等服务外包的优良营商环境,从世界工厂转变为世界办公室。

从优惠政策为主向制度规范为主转变。主要是以自由贸易试验区和开放型经济新体制综合试点建设为抓手,与国际高标准贸易投资规则接轨,形成市场配置资源新机制、经济运行管理新模式,通过向全国复制推广相关经验,完善法治化、国际化、便利化营商环境,极大降低市场主体面临的制度性交易成本,释放制度红利。

改善营商环境的政策建议

一是以扩大中等收入群体为重点,打造充满活力的需求环境。健全居民收入增长和经济增长同步机制。提高社会保障水平,建立养老、医疗等基本保障随经济发展动态调整的机制。探索国有企业上缴利润和增值收益直接惠及中低收入群体的体制机制。加快行政事业单位工资制度改革,贯彻实施以增加知识价值为导向的分配政策,引导社会和用人单位在分配中向研发人员、技能工人等倾斜。

二是以减少和规范部门许可为重点,打造不断开放的市场准入环境。加快放开育幼养老、建筑设计、会计审计、商贸物流、电子商务,以及一般制造业和服务业等竞争性领域对外资准入限制和股比限制。尽快在全国推行自由贸易试验区试行过的外商投资负面清单。在上海自贸试验区扩大“证照分离”政策涉及的准入许可范围,条件成熟时在全国复制推广,更好解决企业“办照难”问题。提高各部门许可审核程序和判断标准的透明度,逐步建立以环保标准、技术标准、安全标准等标准体系为主的行业准入机制,推进事中事后核查。

三是以降低用工成本和税费负担为重点,打造有竞争力的成本环境。包括适时考虑进一步降低企业养老保险缴费比例,进一步优化研发费用税收加计扣除的核算管理和申请程序,适当提高税收加计扣除比例,等等。

四是以公平执法和完善事中事后监管为重点,打造规范安全的监管环境。在执法过程中坚持内外资企业一视同仁,加强企业遵纪守法激励机制建设,对遵纪守法的企业予以表彰或奖励。鼓励企业实名举报侵犯知识产权、垄断等不公平竞争和违法行为,依法及时处理。明确外资企业违反法律法规的惩罚标准,时机成熟时,加强外资、税务、环保、质检等部门合作,建立全领域、全方位的事中事后监管机制。(执 笔:杨长湧 李大伟)

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