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赢得全球营商环境竞争新优势
2017-08-25 04:31:36 中国青年网
外资企业诉求明显变化,改善营商环境任重道远。过去我国主要依靠低要素成本吸引外资,外企也主要看重我国的成本优势,以及土地低价供给、税收优惠等政策红利。现在,随着我国传统比较优势加速弱化,外资企业更看重我国营商环境的法治化、便利化,期望在市场准入、行业竞争、法律实施等方面与内资企业享受平等待遇,要求降低制度性交易成本以更好开拓内需市场。在这样的形势下,良好的营商环境应该取代要素成本和政策红利,成为我国招商引资新优势。然而,我国营商环境的改善依然任重道远,政府与市场关系需要进一步理顺,市场在资源配置中的决定性作用需要进一步发挥,营商环境法治化、国际化、便利化水平需要进一步提高。世界银行发布的《2017全球营商环境报告》显示,在全球190个经济体中,我国营商环境综合排名78位,在新兴经济体和发展中国家中居于前列,但与发达经济体差距仍然明显。
我国优化营商环境的成绩显著
近年来,我国在营商环境、扩大对外开放上做了不少工作,取得了显著成绩,但与企业发展诉求和国际高标准仍有差距。
一方面,我国营商环境明显改善。从市场准入看,党的十八届五中全会提出,形成对外开放新体制,完善法治化、国际化、便利化的营商环境,全面实行准入前国民待遇加负面清单管理制度。这为改善营商环境指明了方向。最新公布的《外商产业投资指导目录(2017年修订)》将外资限制措施由上一版的93条减少到63条,开放水平大幅提高。从简政放权看,2015年我国提前完成减少三分之一行政审批事项的目标,2016年又减少165项国务院部门及其指定地方实施的审批事项,企业生产经营活动便利度明显提高。从生产成本看,全面推进“营改增”、清理整顿涉企收费、完善价格形成机制、提高物流运输集约化水平等一系列“降成本”措施初见成效,2016年降低企业成本1万亿元左右。从知识产权保护看,政府采取了知识产权保护专项行动、加强重点领域知识产权执法等系列措施,我国知识产权保护状况明显改善。美国商会2016年发布《国际知识产权指数报告》显示,2015年我国知识产权保护指数为12.64,连续几年呈显著上升态势,远高于印度、印尼等其他发展中国家。
另一方面,企业对营商环境优化的诉求明显增加。随着我国经济发展进入新常态,教育、医疗、文化、金融、信息等服务业领域成为新热点,企业迫切希望服务业准入和管理能够对各类经营主体一视同仁、平等对待;随着越来越多企业加强研发创新,企业对加强知识产权保护的诉求日益强烈;随着国内市场潜力不断扩大,企业迫切希望尽快形成与国际通行规则相接轨的法律环境、市场环境和商事管理环境;随着劳动力、土地等传统要素成本大幅上升,企业迫切要求降低物流成本、税费成本、融资成本和制度性交易成本等。
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