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非遗教育,做鲜活的文化传承
2017-08-24 06:23:05 中国青年网
1、非遗教育亟待顶层设计
非遗凝结和传递着一个民族和地域的历史记忆、共同情感和经验智慧,是民族精神家园的重要源泉,是讲好中国故事的重要内容,是发展文化产业的重要资源。一方面,我国非遗资源量大面广品高质优,情况多样;另一方面,非遗的消亡也在加速。而非遗教育涉及非物质文化遗产本体研究、学科、专业、课程、教材、师资建设诸方面。同时,从义务教育学校、普通高校到职业技术学校,各层次、类别、行业的非遗教育既有共性,又有各自不同特点。非遗教育总体开展与提高,需要跨学科的融合,更需要跨部门、跨机构的合作。当前亟须对非遗教育进行总体、顶层研究,形成共识,作出规划,以便于各类非遗教育的推进、发展。教育、文化、民委等相关部门应按《中华人民共和国非物质文化遗产法》的要求,出台有关规定,以规范学校、指导各类主体开展非遗教育。
2、非遗研究亟待理论探索
由于我国的非遗教育尚处于自发松散各自为政的初级阶段,非遗教育研究工作起步更晚,因此,有关非遗教育的知识体系、价值体系、学科体系构建等重大理论问题,也都或多或少的存在不足。诸如非遗教育如何促进传承人的文化素质、科学素养和创新能力的提升,使现代传承人综合素质和能力更高;如何通过非遗教育让非遗融入现实生活,重新挖掘和阐发优秀传统文化的当代价值和现实意义;如何通过非遗教育促进产业和职业群,在未来的经济和社会中发挥更大作用;非遗教育如何带动相关研究开发的升级,使我国非遗事业更能适应现代社会发展和国际交流的需要等等,都离不开非遗教育的理论研究。可以说,没有非遗教育基础理论的支撑,就没有非遗教育的科学化发展。
3、非遗教育主体亟待明确
非遗涉及人类生活的方方面面,非遗教育当然需要全社会的共同努力。但与非遗社会宣传比较,学校非遗教育的作用、意义无疑更深远和重要。一方面,青少年处于文化启蒙、人格养成、世界观形成的关键阶段,非遗教育从娃娃抓起事半功倍;另一方面,国民教育学校的文化教育资源丰富、完整,有进行系统全面传统文化教育以及与其他学科融合的教育和研究的最佳条件。而且,任何形式的社会非遗教育宣传都不可能送达所有人,唯有通过一代代的学校教育,才能触及每一个公民,形成全社会、全民族的文化认同。因此,面向全体学生进行非遗教育、培养各层次非遗工作人才以及开展相关研究,是教育系统无可替代、责无旁贷的责任和义务。培养非遗传承人,教育是主渠道,学校是主阵地。学校理应是非遗教育的主体。
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