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启智珠心算 对传统文化的深情传承

2017-08-23 09:31:47   央广网

重庆北碚区一家教育培训中心的教师在指导孩子们“打算盘”。新华社发

【重新焕发生命力的珠算文化】

“杭杭,算算这次花了多少?”每次和母亲到超市购物,小学生张竞杭就成了妈妈的“小算盘”。一眨眼工夫,张竞杭的答案随口而出。这让周围的人惊奇不已。

现已是5年级学生的张竞杭从幼儿园开始拨动算盘,此后屡屡获奖,是资深的珠心算少年了。“现在已经不用再拨了,算盘早已印在心里了。”张竞杭妈妈说。

2013年,珠算申遗成功,再次受到世人关注。曾经黯然失色的珠算逐渐回到人们视野中,珠算博物馆、珠心算学校、珠算课外兴趣班、珠算校本课程,雨后春笋般不断涌现。

“初步估算,全国现在学珠心算的孩子有上千万。”中国珠算心算协会副会长王朝才告诉记者,这不仅仅是出于对传统文化的热爱,更是基于促进综合素质发展的需要。随着计算机的广泛使用,尽管珠算的计算功能减弱了,但它的文化功能及其价值正在被重新认识,焕发出新的活力。

珠算文化,在生活的各个角落延伸

珠算文化的触角延伸到了生活的各个角落。

“开盘”“收盘”“大盘”“操盘”显然都与珠算相关。不仅如此,还有不少词汇就源于珠算。比如:三下五除二、运筹帷幄、不管三七二十一、小九九。而精打细算的传统家风,与珠算文化也有着或多或少的关系。

伴随中国人经历了1800多年的岁月,算盘是简便的计算工具,有着独特的数理内涵,被誉为“世界上最古老的计算机”。“算珠上下翻飞,珠声疾如骤雨。”在中国古代,练得一手好字、打得一手好算盘曾是账房先生的看家本领。

小小算盘玄妙无穷,大大提高了运算速度和运算效率。它也是中外文化交流的一个载体,明朝时珠算传播到海外。在现代,日本、韩国、东南亚等国也都把珠算看作对少年儿童进行计算技能训练、开启智慧之门的途径之一。

“珠算是另一类知识体系。”经历过珠算申遗的王朝才,对联合国教科文组织的这一说法记忆深刻。在他看来,珠算文化包括算盘和一系列计算原理及计算方法,也包括由此产生的一些文化现象,如思维方式、价值观念等。

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