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人类与自然共生 生态与文化齐辉

2017-08-24 05:06:12   中国青年网

26岁的陆琴就是这样一位志愿者。“刚来时有点困惑,一个人能捡多少垃圾?”但很快她就发现,捡垃圾的行为感染了游客,“原来这样可以捡很多垃圾”。“就像一棵树摇动另一棵树,一朵云推动另一朵云,”这位职业是教师的姑娘如此比喻。

更多的志愿者则来到了保护站,与工作人员一同为藏羚羊迁徙保驾护航,让脆弱的植被不再背负垃圾和人类脚印。“从2002年开始,我们对外招募环保志愿者,至今已有2000余名志愿者来保护可可西里的生态环境和野生动物。”可可西里国家级保护区管理局宣教科科长才仁桑周说。

为可可西里“让路”

可可西里已经感受到了整个国家的善意和敬意。“从国家公园的成立,到自然遗产的申报,据我所知,大家都在为可可西里‘让路’。生态环境的改善和生态环境工作条件的改善,都与国家支持有关。”可可西里卓乃湖保护站站长秋培扎西告诉记者。

从帐篷,到板房,到砖混建筑,保护站的条件在不断改善。管理部门还正计划给可可西里用上遥感卫星,“巡山对身体的透支太大,我们会引入更多高科技。”布周说。

从可可西里出发,更大范围、更大力度的生态保护每天都在走近。2010年开始,可可西里与西藏羌塘、新疆阿尔金山、青海三江源保护区结成保护联盟,每年在可可西里开展联合行动,目前联盟成员正在逐步扩大。更大的变化是,2016年我国第一个国家公园——三江源国家公园的成立。作为长江源头的可可西里保护区,被纳入三江源国家公园,并成立长江源园区国家公园可可西里管理处。

“‘牌子’越来越多,说明国家对生态环境的保护越来越重视了。”詹江龙笑言,他至今记得自己初入可可西里时听到最多的一句话:可可西里不是无人区,是无法区。

现在,生态保护的秩序不仅在可可西里,在整个三江源地区都已良好地建立。据三江源国家公园管理局副局长王湘国介绍,三江源国家公园遵循山水林草湖是一个生命共同体的理念,对各类保护地进行功能重组、优化组合,实行集中统一管理。而且,对三江源3个园区所涉4县进行大部门制改革,彻底解决“九龙治水”和监管执法碎片化问题。

“以前,能得到利益时,谁都往前冲,得不到利益或者出了问题,谁都不管。管土的说是草的问题,管草的说是土的问题,或者水的问题,责任很不明确。”长江源(可可西里)园区国家公园治多管理处专职副主任才仁闹布向记者道出了基层曾经的苦恼。“现在就一条‘龙’,治得好是你的,治不好也是你的,这个措施非常得力”。

作为“中华水塔”的一部分,可可西里的变化,与整个三江源的变化相互印证。王湘国告诉记者,近十年来,整个三江源地区的水资源增加了近80亿立方米,相当于560个西湖。植被覆盖度显著增加,各类草地的平均覆盖度与2004年相比,增加了11.6%,产草量提高了30%。生物多样性也在增强,雪豹频现,花斑裸鲤等50种高原土著鱼类资源明显恢复。

“我们的目标是,把包括可可西里在内的整个三江源地区建成人与自然和谐共生的先行区,青藏高原大自然保护展示和生态文化传承区。”王湘国说。

(本报记者 陈海波 万玛加)

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