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增强“文化+”自觉 推动文化共生

2017-08-23 08:47:17   中国青年网

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● 一方面,“文化+”孕育出的文化产业,成为“互联网+”和经济全球化时代世界各国经济较发达地区的支柱产业和核心经济支撑。另一方面,“文化+”打造的文化产业不仅是经济的输出和市场的占领,也是文化精神、价值观的输出和意识形态战场的较量。

● 随着财富从西方向东方和南部转移以及数字时代的全面到来,全球的文化格局正发生着空前变化,一张多元的、多文明的、多极的全球文化新版图正在形成。

日益昌盛的全球化不仅带来了货物和服务的国际间流动,也推动了文化的交流和渗透,促进了观念、人员和资本的全球交换和流动。文化资源、人文环境和民族素质是一个社会保持可持续发展的重要因素。

文化创意产业日益成为全球经济的重要产业,对世界经济和社会就业做出了巨大贡献,无论在发达国家还是新兴市场经济体,文化都正在成为国家和地区经济的战略性资产。一个国家在经济上的竞争,都有文化因素在背后形成巨大的支撑力。很多国家都非常重视本国文化的传承、保护和宣传,通过文化因素来支撑政治经济社会的发展。《美国复兴日程》计划中提出:“我们的政治和经济联系由于美国文化对全世界的吸引力而得到补充。这是一种新的我们可以利用的软力量。”

“文化+”的自觉,起源于第三次工业革命之中,并成为先驱们决胜市场的秘密武器。文化+产业使产业孕育出新概念,日本的汽车工业就早已摒弃了“交通工具”的单一理念而注入流线型感官设计、舒适度人文关怀和微空间通讯、办公、娱乐等多重功能,使得“新观念”汽车风靡世界。现阶段,“文化+”衍生的文化产业成为朝阳支柱产业。当今主要发达国家文化产业产值占GDP的份额分别是:美国31%、日本20%、欧洲国家10%-15%、韩国15%。“文化+”承载着经济与政治的双重功能。一方面,“文化+”孕育出的文化产业,成为“互联网+”和经济全球化时代世界各国经济较发达地区的支柱产业和核心经济支撑。另一方面,“文化+”打造的文化产业不仅是经济的输出和市场的占领,也是文化精神、价值观的输出和意识形态战场的较量。在文化的餐桌上,人们消费的不仅是物质的满足和身心的愉悦,更是思想灵魂的洗涤。在西方国家,文化产品不仅是其重要的经济产业和国力支撑,更成为他们输出价值观的工具。

由于文化具有民族根植性,不同民族都有自己的文化传统和价值观,因此全球化引发了不同国家的文化冲突,使得全球范围内呈现出文化大激荡的局面。全球化背景下的文化大激荡体现为历史的和现实的、外来的和本土的、进步的和落后的、积极的和颓废的、有吸引又有排斥、有融合又有斗争、有渗透又有抵御等特征。亨廷顿曾在上世纪90年代预言,随着冷战的结束,世界冲突的基本根源不再来自意识形态,而是文化差异,主宰全球的将是“文明的冲突”。

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