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美国:机器人“无处不在”

2017-08-23 04:21:45   中国青年网

机器人也在悄悄改变美国的保安行业。据报道,美国Gamma 2 Robotics公司近年致力于研究新型的、名为RAMSEE的“保安机器人”。RAMSEE可以实现自动巡逻,并且就入侵者做出的动作和外界环境中出现的热、火、烟、气体等状况迅速反应。比如当其受到外力的推动时,它会发出声音等“提醒”。相比人类,RAMSEE的侦察能力或许更强。比如,当它在工作场所巡视一圈后,通过对比分析数据前后发生的变化,哪怕是细微的变化,就会向后台发出信号,提醒控制中心的人可能有入侵者。RAMSEE对业界的改变将是革命性的,因为这样的保安可以24小时不知疲倦地工作,也不会对危险的工作场所“挑三拣四”。专业人士称,机器人可以与录像监控系统、门禁系统、建筑物自动化系统和指挥控制系统等结合使用,大大提高工厂、仓库甚至军事设施的安防能力,有效节约人力成本。

机器人正逐渐进入人们的日常生活。据英国市场研究机构Juniper Research在2015年发布的数据显示,美国每25户家庭就有1个机器人;到2020年,预计每10户家庭就会拥有一个机器人。其实这里说的机器人并不一定具有人的形状,但具备特定的工作能力,比如圆盘状的吸尘器机器人和给庭院浇水的洒水机器人。据报道,美国加利福尼亚州的研究人员今年发明了一种能够陪伴宠物的机器人,宠物的主人只需要通过手机就可以远程控制机器人与宠物实现互动。这个名为Pebby的机器人被设计成具有防水功能的玻璃球状,带有广角摄像头,以方便主人了解宠物的一举一动,还能给宠物拍照或录像以保存美好瞬间。该机器人还带有激光投射功能,主人可以通过手机操控激光在地板上的投射方位来让宠物追着光束跑,即便主人不在家,也可以与宠物玩耍。如果Pebby没电了,它还会自己找到与其配套的充电器PebbyKennel对接充电。

“冲击华尔街”

过去,传统制造业的蓝领工人更为担忧自己的工作会被机器人取代,而如今这种忧虑情绪已经蔓延到了金融业的白领人群。

根据咨询公司Opimas发布的报告,到2025年金融行业中的23万个工作机会将会消失,被称之为“人工智能代理”的机器人取代。牛津大学学者2013年的研究报告称,在接下来的20年里,47%的工作因为有自动化的可能而存在被取代的高风险,其中54%的工作集中在金融领域,而这一趋势将会在全世界发生。“机器人正在冲击华尔街”,类似的标题在美国媒体中已经屡见不鲜。

著名咨询公司麦肯锡的一份报告也显示,目前新技术将要“入侵”的是投资银行等高端行业,银行和金融机构正在迅速接受新一代人工智能技术。有着200多年历史的美国纽约梅隆银行在过去的一年半时间里已经使用了超过200个机器人“雇员”,以提高工作效率和节约人力成本。全球最大的资产管理公司贝莱德今年3月宣布,将裁掉超过40个基金部门的员工,包括数个投资经理。

有媒体分析认为,未来3年人工智能将成为银行与客户互动的主要方式。有了人工智能,银行基本能够给客户创造出一个与人类客服功能相似的顾客体验,也就是所谓的虚拟聊天机器人来与客户互动。基于IBM沃森认知计算技术发明的“沃森管理顾问”机器人,能够让银行根据客户以往的历史记录,更好地认识客户,随时随地与客户进行沟通,转变银行与客户传统的沟通方式。

其实,金融业遭受人工智能的冲击仅仅是当前新技术在高端行业领域广泛应用的一个缩影,像律师、医生等行业都在不同程度地引入人工智能和机器人。但人们应该为机器人“抢走他们的饭碗”感到恐慌吗?答案应该是否定的。

诚如斯言,机器人毕竟是人类发明的,人类发明机器人的目的也是为了让各自做自己最擅长的事。机器人是人类劳动力的补充,最终应与人类并肩工作。

(本报华盛顿8月21日电 本报驻华盛顿记者 汤先营)

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