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机器人能抹平贫富差距吗

2017-08-22 07:42:28   中国经济网

这几天,有关于电子商务的进步,能否让我们这一代人实现共产主义的话题,引发了舆论热议。它在反映出共产主义这一奋斗目标具有无与伦比的吸引力的同时,也折射出一些人对于人类社会的发展规律,尤其是在技术与社会进步的关系上,认识还有待深入。

中国社会的快速发展、中国梦的逐步实现以及正在发生的中华民族的伟大复兴,的确让我们对未来的发展充满自信,但中国社会仍处于社会主义初级阶段、仍然面临很多艰巨的任务是一个不争的事实。有的企业家,因为电子商务的成功,就产生了一步到位的盲目乐观,认为机器人能替代一切。社会不再有富人和穷人的看法,会让一些人对社会现实、人类文明的快速改善产生不切实际的过高期待,这对于我们的社会并不是好事。恰恰是在这样一个伟大的历史时刻,我们的社会才更要保持战略定力,避免浮躁情绪与冒进情绪。仅仅以电子商务技术的进步、自己的商业成功就认为一代人可以毕其功于一役,未免有些轻佻。

今天的社会,我们空前地重视技术,但在对社会发展的认识上,却要对技术决定论保持足够的警惕。经济基础决定上层建筑、生产力决定了生产关系,但这种决定并不是简单的、机械的决定,而是在与上层建筑的复杂相互作用下的决定。那些认为一种技术就能够彻底地改变人类社会结构的看法,往往忽视了技术常常被利益所绑架、被政治所决定的现实。人类社会的伟大进步,不是简单地靠科学家的发明、商人的成功就可以推动的。过分强调技术的决定性作用,而忽视了政治、文化、信念的因素,实际上是把社会进步的主导权从政治家、思想家的手里,转移到了技术官僚、科学家和工程师的手里。这种从政治到行政或者从政治到技术的转变,往往只会造成思想的平庸与情趣的庸俗,它只适合风调雨顺、平安无事、无需深刻的消费社会,而不适应今天中国所处于的人类前所未有的大变局。

在今天的中国社会,商业精英已经获得了非常强大的话语权,在很多时候他们可以对自己并不熟悉的领域,甚至是非常敏感而重大的社会议题,随意发表自己并未仔细思考的看法。一方面,这实际上是对自己巨大社会影响力的滥用,另一方面,这种影响力滥用背后,是否存在着商业利益甚至营销的用心,也的确令人觉得不安。

我们当然需要商界精英挥斥方遒、指点江山,但这种“指点”应该是有界限的,应该集中于们擅长的领域,而不是“一知半解”甚至“想当然”的领域。越是社会精英,在面对重大社会问题的时候,越要保持足够的敬畏之心,尤其是在涉及中国社会发展道路、人类社会发展规律的问题上,更应该审慎。中国社会需要时代的弄潮儿,但是也要警惕炒作概念的营销党。

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