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美国:机器人“无处不在”
2017-08-23 04:21:45 中国青年网
再回到机器人“助选”特朗普的话题。布鲁金斯学会的报告称,特朗普在选战中的“根据地”是“铁锈地带”的美国南部和中西部。在这些地区,工业机器人使用量很大,自动化普及的同时,工业机器人也给人们带来了恐惧感。在共和党占有传统优势的“红色州”,机器人与工人的存在比例是每1000名工人对应2.5个机器人;而在民主党占有传统优势的“蓝色州”,机器人与工人的存在比例是每1000名工人对应1.1个机器人。也就是说,“红色州”机器人的普及率是“蓝色州”的两倍多。
这并不是说机器人决定了美国2016年的总统大选结果,但机器人在“红色州”的高普及率从某种程度上造成了部分工人的工作被剥夺。在没有其他一技之长的情况下,这些传统的蓝领工人很难再找到工作,生存状况堪忧。所以当特朗普在这些“红色州”竞选拉票,提出让制造业回归美国、提高白人中产阶级就业的口号时,一下子就能抓住这部分选民的心。从这一角度来看,机器人确实在客观上帮助了特朗普坐上总统宝座。
越来越聪明
随着近年来人工智能的飞速发展,机器人给各行业带来的创新和对人类生活方式的改变不容小觑。
技术的进步和造价的降低让业界对机器人的研发不断升级,机器人正“越来越聪明”。通过对数据和人工智能的运用,现在的机器人不仅仅是“干完活收工”,还能通过传感器记录数据,然后实时上传到云端进行分析。这对电子商务行业具有很大价值,最大程度实现自动化的电商企业往往能占据优势。以仓储为例,过去的机器人无非是一个装有轮子的平台,去完成模式单一的传送货物的工作。如今随着物流速度的加快,业界开始思考让机器人承担更多工作,特别是需要花费大量时间的货物分拣工作。考虑到传感、动作、操纵等各个环节,让机器人完成这一任务并不容易。
来自匹兹堡的IAM Robotics公司就是致力于攻克这一难题并推广到商业应用的公司之一。该公司在2016年研制出了能从事分拣工作、被命名为Swift的机器人。Swift具有一个能有效负载15磅重、最多伸展18英寸长的手臂,而手臂的最前段是一个带有吸力的小“吸盘”。Swift的高度可以调节,能运用于高度在3英寸到85英寸之间的货柜。它能够在仓库里通过自动导航移动“行走”,并且与人工分拣货物的速度相当,甚至更快。研发人员介绍,Swift是通过先进的计算机视觉技术认出自己想要取的东西,再迅速抓取,可以取代人类从事分拣工作,省去高额的人工费用。除了IAM Robotics公司,在美国,还有很多类似的公司在开发“机器人拣货员”。
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