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美国种族对立陷入“恶性循环”(国际视点)

2017-08-21 05:21:26   中国青年网

华盛顿警察局总部大楼旁边有一尊阿尔伯特·派克准将的雕像,批评者指责他是一位种族主义者,并支持奴隶制。上周,有人朝雕像泼上红漆。美国联邦众议员埃莉诺·诺顿发表声明称,正在同国家公园管理处沟通,移除这个雕塑,因为“不管什么理由,都没有必要在国家的首都纪念他”。

夏洛茨维尔的暴力事件“改变了美国的一切”

美国媒体分析,近段时期以来,美国国内因种族关系激化而引发的暴力事件愈来愈趋向对抗。夏洛茨维尔市市长迈克尔·西格纳接受媒体采访时说,发生在夏洛茨维尔的暴力事件 “改变了美国的一切”,突然间,这些在种族歧视期间竖立起来的邦联军队的雕塑成为了一个“恐怖的试金石”。

而随着主张拆除邦联纪念碑和纪念标识的情绪日益高涨,反对这些主张的人们也逐渐联合起来。主张保护邦联纪念物的邦联老兵之子近年来规模不断扩大,仅2015年该组织的成员就增加了5000多人,今年预计增加人数更多。

根据南部贫困法律中心的统计,美国公共场所有1503座纪念雕塑和标识,一些高速公路、公园、桥梁、大坝、军事基地等以南方邦联领导人的名字命名,其中包括100多个公立学校。这些纪念标识绝大多数在南方。南方多个州还设立了相关纪念日。美国《新观察》杂志评论称,很多邦联士兵和将军的雕像最初只建在墓地上,供人凭吊,后来大规模出现在公共区域,建设的时间同白人至上主义兴起是同一时期,这不是偶然。

历史学家凯文·莱文认为,弗吉尼亚州夏洛茨维尔市的暴力冲突是一个转折点,在对待邦联纪念物和种族关系方面已经没有“中间道路”。随着种族关系紧张、白人至上主义重新崛起,持不同观点的人思想日益极端化。然而有不同观点认为,仅仅靠拆除雕像不能解决问题,美国社会在如何对待这些雕塑的立场是对立的,并且拆除这些雕像之后用什么去填补?

种族关系的紧张并非只体现在邦联雕像等公众关心的问题上,更深深影响普通人的生活。俄勒冈州一位急诊室亚裔医生埃斯特接受媒体采访时称,很多白人病人因为她的种族拒绝接受她的治疗。

此前,通常是少数族裔采取极端行动,这些人因为受到种族歧视伤害,对现实不满,产生了极端思想。夏洛茨维尔暴力事件的肇事者是一位白人,凸显白人至上主义由社会思潮转化为暴力行动。而最近,美国左翼人士提出的“反法西斯”口号成为媒体出现的高频词,美国媒体担心,美国社会面临极右之困的同时,左翼的暴力行动也有增多趋势,美国种族对立正陷入“恶性循环”的危险。

(本报华盛顿8月20日电)

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