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美国社会面临极右之困(国际论坛)

2017-08-20 05:16:15   中国青年网

夏洛茨维尔那辆冲向人群的汽车,不只是伤害了几十个人,而且伤害了整个国家

美国弗吉尼亚州夏洛茨维尔8月12日发生的暴力事件,至今仍在不断发酵。骚乱发生后,美国南部一些州拆除南方邦联时期领袖雕像纪念碑的呼声再起,多地政府已经或计划移除本地的邦联雕像纪念碑。在北卡罗来纳州,邦联士兵的雕像被推倒;在佐治亚州,民主党州长候选人呼吁把3个邦联将领的石雕炸掉;在芝加哥,非洲裔牧师呼吁把国父华盛顿的雕像拆除;在首都华盛顿,林肯纪念堂遭涂鸦……

此起彼伏的喧嚣中,至少有几个现象是不同寻常的。

其一,白人至上势力走到前台,公开示威。美国白人至上主义者、3K党等极右势力在过去几十年里一度销声匿迹,至少转入地下,但在近期开始回潮。一座雕像的移除,引来多个极右团体的公开示威。以前的3K党往往白衫蒙面,不以真面目示人,如今则是明目张胆,手持火炬聚集大学校园,呼喊“要夺回我们的国家”这样的口号。还有新纳粹势力甚至扛纳粹旗、行纳粹礼。有美国媒体评论指出,这些白人至上势力反对雕像移除只是托词,借机发泄不满、宣扬白人至上、要求回归白人正统才是其真正目的。

其二,抗议示威的暴力化倾向日益严重。为了阻止白人至上主义的蔓延,左翼团体动员力量与其针锋相对。从7月开始,3K党等势力就公开宣称,将携带武器参加游行。由于警方控制得力,前几次示威均未酿成伤亡事件,但示威者带枪上街已经开启了危险先例。此次白人至上主义者驾车冲撞左翼人群,造成1人死亡多人受伤,这将示威的暴力化推向新的高度。夏洛茨维尔事件之后,极右团体放言还要继续游行示威。

其三,社会各界对白宫的批评与不满异常猛烈。8月12日的骚乱事件之后,美国总统特朗普表态含糊,并未明确谴责极右团体,之后虽然批评了极右势力,却又很快退回到“各打五十大板”立场,招致社会各界强烈批评。有7位美国大企业的首席执行官因此退出总统顾问委员会。

人们或许对去年美国总统大选期间的一幅幅场景记忆犹新:刻意划分族群、血统、出身等言辞数不胜数;高举反建制反移民大旗、打破“政治正确”界限的现象层出不穷;深揭社会伤疤、负能量爆棚的案例比比皆是……从去年大选的种种乱象,到如今这场“倒像”运动之轰轰烈烈,似乎不难找出其中的逻辑。

自1776年美国建国以来,美国社会存在的诸多伦理约束,为社会发展起到了规范作用。而今天,当各股政治势力为了党派利益或一己之私,不惜打破传统伦理、释放人们“心魔”之时,恰与社会失衡、经济不振、民众的失望情绪相交织,文化冲突、利益冲突显化已是不可避免。

美国民权运动领袖马丁·路德·金有句名言:“黑暗无法驱散黑暗,唯有光明可以;怨恨无法消解怨恨,唯有大爱可以。”从前总统老布什与小布什发表联合声明,到前总统奥巴马引用曼德拉名言,美国的有识之士都在呼唤这种大爱。然而,这种呼唤的本身,恰恰说明了大爱缺失的现实。

“美国只能哭泣!”美国《华盛顿邮报》8月15日这一社论标题,或许有些耸人听闻,但反映了美国主流媒体的一种担忧。在该报看来,夏洛茨维尔那辆冲向人群的汽车,不只是伤害了几十个人,而且伤害了整个国家。

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