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中国网络文学“吸粉”又“吸金”

2017-08-21 04:21:25   中国青年网

漂洋过海来看“你”

《盘龙》是一部在国外很受欢迎的中国网络小说。它完结那天,很多外国网友依依不舍地留言,中国网络文学在海外的热度由此可见。

中国网络文学在互联网的连接下“出海”并赢得了外国人的青睐。在东南亚地区,中国网络小说更是早就成为深具影响力的外来流行文化,每年以百部左右的速度进行创作和翻译。

2015年,中国网络小说在英语世界掀起了翻译热潮,许多大部头小说被翻译成英文。中国网络文学因其剧情新颖、人设讨喜、技能魔幻等原因获得了海外读者的青睐。此外,对外国网友来说,中国网络小说有着浓郁的中国文化背景和神秘的东方色彩,这对他们有很大的吸引力。2016年,中国网络文学在海外的传播成为全球网文界的热点话题,“网文出海”已经成为一种文化现象。据三家最大的网络文学翻译网站武侠世界(Wuxia World)、引力传说(Gravity Tales)、伏拉雷翻译网(Volaro Translation)2017年6月统计数据,3家合计月活跃读者数(月独立知识产权)已达550万,已经翻译和正在翻译的中国网络小说接近百部。

中国网络文学在海外的蓬勃发展,是一种自下而上、由点及面的口碑效应。中国网络文学已同美国好莱坞大片、日本动漫、韩国偶像剧相媲美。

据不完全统计,全球自发翻译并分享中国网络小说的海外社区、网站已达上百家。读者遍布东南亚、美国、英国、法国、俄罗斯、土耳其等20余个国家和地区。

让人欢喜让人忧

如果外国读者第一次看中国网络小说是因为猎奇,那么第二次、第三次看时则是被精彩的内容所吸引。前几年,当中国网络文学尚未进入英文世界的读者视线之前,日韩网络小说、漫画早已“攻城夺地”。但今日,中国网络小说在该领域已占有一席之地。这与国内网络文学事业迅猛发展是离不开的,特别是2012年以来,我国网络文学产业市场规模平均年增长率在20%以上。

然而,繁荣背后亦有隐忧。在网络文学写手中流传着这样一句话:传统文学圈子进来难,但进来了就可以呆一辈子;网络文学圈子进来简单,但说不定哪天就不见了。大浪淘沙,如何提升内容质量,摆脱“套路”留住读者,是网络文学写手们应该思考的问题。

国家新闻出版广电总局数字出版司司长张毅君曾公开表示,从内容角度看,中国目前的网络文学还存在相当程度的“量大质低”之疾。“重迎合市场,轻价值导向;重个人倾诉,轻时代分量;重离奇猎奇,轻文化底蕴等现象尚未根本扭转。抄袭模仿、千部一腔,难免陷入套路化的窠臼;娱乐至上、浅薄浮躁,难以摆脱唯点击率的怪圈。”张毅君说。

此外,网络文学盗版现象较为严重。在2016年的全国两会上,有政协委员在提案中提到:目前中国网络版权侵权盗版主要有“网络站点”“文档分享平台”“云储存”“应用软件客户端”等途径。其中,“网络站点”甚至形成了一条由盗版商、搜索引擎、盗版网络站点、广告商等多方构成的完整的利益链条。这些侵权行为不仅损害到作者和正版网络平台、网络文化创意产业的利益,而且阻碍了数字文化创意产业市场的健康发展。

《中国网络文学版权保护白皮书》也显示,2014年盗版网络文学如果全部按照正版计价,电脑端付费阅读收入损失将达到43.2亿元,移动端付费阅读收入损失达34.5亿元,衍生产品产值损失21.8亿元,行业损失近100亿元。

网络文学门槛低是一把双刃剑。若要在激烈的竞争中生存下来,写作者和经营者都需要讲好中国故事,打造更多的“匠心”精品。

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