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科考队再探第三极揭秘河湖源

2017-08-20 14:41:23   中国青年网

河湖源考察将继续使用无人机、无人船和科学实验卫星等新技术手段采集数据。科学家们希望通过科考,为阿里地区建立国家公园和西藏经济社会可持续发展提供基础数据和科学参考。”

□江湖源科考

西藏第一大湖色林错

年增水量8亿立方米

在刚刚结束的“江湖源科考”中,四支科考队在两个月里取得多项重要成果,包括钻取了西藏第一大湖色林错目前最长的湖芯;获取色林错的最新水量,40年相当于增加了一个三峡水库;钻取4根唐古拉山脉的冰芯,在藏北发现了超级化石群和最古老的高原内部人类定居区等。

通过湖泊测量与水文分析,科学家发现,从2005年到2017年,色林错湖年均入湖径流量22亿立方米,年增水量8亿立方米,是青藏高原扩张最快的湖泊,2009年左右成长为西藏第一大湖。目前湖面面积已达2381平方公里,湖水总容量630亿立方米,相较于1976年340亿立方米的容量,相当于增加了将近一个三峡水库的水量。

中科院青藏高原研究所所长姚檀栋认为,色林错水容量扩张的原因,以前认为是降水可能起到主要的作用,现在看来冰川融化可能起着更加重要的作用,“所以它是稳定地在扩张,而且会越来越大,对于整个的生态保护,我们完全面临着新的挑战,通过建国家公园,就是应对这个挑战最好的方式和保障”。

湖芯和冰芯,是研究气候环境变化的密码,记录着青藏高原过去数千年乃至几十万年的气候环境变化。在色林错湖畔大营,湖泊与水文科考队用一个月时间钻取了两根湖芯,最长的10米,这也是目前我国科学家在色林错钻取的最长湖芯,它的年代还在进一步研究中。而在唐古拉山冰川海拔5650米的冰芯钻取点,科考队克服冰裂隙和冰湖等重重困难,钻取了4根冰芯。科考还发现了最丰富的地球冰川景观与状态稳定的普若岗日冰原。

此外,科学家们还在藏北发现了旧石器时代的古人类遗址20多处,遗址年代为距今1.5万年到6千年左右,出土了大量夹砂陶片、打制石器和石制品。 据央视

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