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极端团体崛起 美国正走向“新内战”?

2017-08-20 07:56:17   中国青年网

美国媒体分析,此次白人极端右翼和白人至上主义团体选择在夏洛茨维尔大举进行抗议活动是经过精心选择的。夏洛茨维尔市是美国开国元勋托马斯·杰斐逊的故乡,也是一所大学城,市民以自由派为主。白人至上团体在此进行抗议活动,有向自由派“示威”、展示自身力量的考虑。

2016年总统大选以来,白人极端右翼高调在华盛顿集会,其代表人物米洛·扬诺普洛斯在加州大学伯克利分校发表演讲,这些事件都是在自由派占绝对优势的场所上演,并都引发暴力冲突。詹姆斯·菲尔茨走上极端暴力的过程也值得关注,他不断听到仇恨的言论,已经视为常态了。尤其当他面临艰难的生活环境,这时候听到有人说,应该归咎于其他人,心中的仇恨错置,并不断积聚,最终就会酿成惨剧。

观察

美国极端团体数量暴涨

美国有线电视新闻网(CNN)15日称,造成夏洛茨维尔暴力事件的美国民族主义和新纳粹仇恨团体仅是该国仇恨团体的一小部分,2016年大选以来,美国此类团体迅速增多。

报道援引美国记录公民权利和仇恨犯罪的非营利机构“南方贫困法律中心”(SPLC)的数据称,2014年以来,此类团体的总数增长17%,达到917家。其中,反白人的黑人分离主义者团体约占1/5,与“3K党”有关的团体占1/6,而白人民族主义团体、新纳粹和反穆斯林团体各占1/10。其他数量较少的仇恨团体还包括新南方邦联支持者、反LGBT群体(同性恋、双性恋以及变性人群体)组织和种族主义团体“光头党”等。

随着反穆斯林仇恨团体的增加,反伊斯兰的犯罪也呈现上升趋势。2015年,美国发生257起反伊斯兰犯罪,创下2001年以来的新高。2016年,美国针对黑人的种族主义仇恨罪行也在增加。奥巴马2009年入主白宫以来,此类罪行开始稳定减少,但去年却发生了1621起,同比增长8%。专家表示,实际的案件数量或要远高于此,因为许多地方政府并未上报有关数据。

观点

一个分裂的美国

从根本上来讲,夏洛茨维尔暴力冲突事件折射出了美国所面临的对外国际竞争力下降,对内不平等加剧的发展困境。德国《焦点》周刊评价称,夏洛茨维尔事件让世界看到一个分裂的美国社会,其背后是美国政治、社会经济的问题,美国必须解决贫富悬殊、底层就业和暴力事件等问题。

20世纪80年代,靠着借入大量外债和快速积累债务,美国经济得以摆脱“滞涨”,但也埋下了国际收支平衡急剧恶化的“祸根”。截至2017年7月3日,美国政府债务总额为19.8万亿美元,约为GDP(国内生产总值)的104%,相当于平均每个美国公民负债约6万美元。

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