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权威解读:道路设计与交通安全有多大的关系?

2017-08-17 13:41:36   央广网

记者:这两天也有很多学者提出了一个叫做路侧宽容设计理念,您了解吗?可以给我们介绍一下吗?

刘干:“路侧宽容”理念是美国的舶来词,他会在道路设计上做一些宽容处理。比如说在德国、美国,他们在修高速公路的时候,有的高速公路的路侧有护栏,有的就没有,那是为什么呢?因为他们路侧的地势是很平缓的,都是些耕地、草地,即使驾驶员过失开出了路侧也不会导致更大的伤害,在这样的路段,如果装了护栏,导致的伤害比不装护栏还要大,包括在道路设计的时候,比如说有些地方会故意做一些路侧的保护区,允许驾驶员在保护区时有不当的措施时有缓和的余地,有足够的时间来去处理和避免错误。

记者:您曾经也表示过,国内现在“合规”的高危路段也是比比皆是,您认为这里面有什么样的深层次的原因吗?

刘干:我们国家公路是交通运输部下面的高速管理局在建设,城市道路是住建部门在建设,管理是公安交警部门在管理,车辆是工信部门在审查车辆的安全标度,这就导致在设计阶段时,比如在秦岭修一条路,要考虑的是能不能满足道路设计的坡度、限行等一些设计条件把这条路修通。修通后,比如我们看到事故现场的隧道,隧道边上墙壁的存在,我认为是合理的,因为不能说为了修这条隧道,把周边的山体都破坏掉;而且在秦岭的两侧,一个是长上坡,一个是长下坡的路型,1号隧道和2好隧道中间选择一个相对地势平缓的路段做一个服务区也是合理的。在这两个合理之下,服务区的出口与隧道之间是剩下两三百米的距离。隧道外本身是高风险环境,加上服务区出口有车辆交集也是一个高风险环境,在这两个高风险环境里设计通车,在之后车辆大幅度增加的背景下,风险就越来越大。说白了就是前期道路建设期间尽管合规,但是存在先天性的高风险环境传导给了后期的管理,而后期的管理也没有足够的交通安全防护的设计、防护的资金和先进设施的投入,因此发生这样的小概率的交通事故导致重大伤害的情况就会产生。这种情况在我国很多山区的高速公路,包括国省道上,这种情况还是比较普遍的。

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