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权威解密跨境追赃需迈几道坎

2017-08-11 15:21:39   中国青年网

对话动机

自今年7月全国公安机关开展“猎狐2014”专项行动,至今年11月APEC北京会议、G20布里斯班峰会,追逃追赃成为社会关注的热点话题。通过高效的行动、务实的合作,已经有一批逃往境外的犯罪嫌疑人落网。然而,不管是一般的经济犯罪还是贪腐犯罪,目前追赃难于追人,已经成为一个突出的问题。境外追赃存在哪些难题,应该如何突破这些难题?《法制日报》记者就这些问题与权威专家展开对话。

对话人:

北京师范大学刑事法律科学研究院国际刑法研究所所长 黄风

《法制日报》记者 余飞

追赃程序多依国际公约

记者:今年7月,公安部部署全国公安机关展开“猎狐2014”专项行动。当时,公安部提出的目标是“追逃追赃”。公安部11月17日发布的消息显示,自“猎狐2014”专项行动开展以来,已有288名在逃境外经济犯罪嫌疑人归案。然而,到目前为止鲜有成功追赃的案例。因为缺乏成功追赃的案例,所以公众对追赃这项重要工作知之甚少。您能介绍一些境外追赃的具体工作程序吗?

黄风:跨境追赃是国际合作的一项重要内容,因为各国有不同的法律制度,所以跨境追赃主要遵循国际公约中的一些原则。如对贪腐犯罪的追赃,主要依据《联合国反腐败公约》中的机制。

《联合国反腐败公约》的第五章就是资产的追回,其中关于直接追回财产的措施包括:“各缔约国均应当根据本国法律采取必要的措施,允许另一缔约国在本国法院提起民事诉讼,以确立对通过实施根据本公约确立的犯罪而获得的财产的产权或者所有权;采取必要的措施,允许本国法院命令实施了根据本公约确立的犯罪的人向受到这种犯罪损害的另一缔约国支付补偿或者损害赔偿;采取必要的措施,允许本国法院或者主管机关在必须就没收作出决定时,承认另一缔约国对通过实施根据本公约确立的犯罪而获得的财产所主张的合法所有权。”

此外,公约还明确了“通过没收事宜的国际合作追回资产的机制”、“没收事宜的国际合作”等内容。

记者:有人在分析追赃问题时认为,一般经济犯罪的追赃与贪腐犯罪的追赃有不同之处,处置程序也会不同。

黄风:其实不然,不管是一般经济犯罪的追赃还是贪腐犯罪的追赃,本质都是对物的处理,实质是一样的。也就是说,不管涉及什么罪名,追赃的程序都是一样的。

跨境追赃面临两大难题

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