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天津港“8·12”事故应急合作网络与协同应对

2017-08-17 13:11:38   中国青年网

三、研究设计

(一)研究对象界限

研究对象是为达到共同目的而进行互动的政府组织形成的网络。根据我国《突发事件应对法》中 “统一领导、综合协调、分类管理、分级负责、属地管理”的应急管理体制规定,按照立意抽样原则选取了主要组织,包括国家应急管理最高行政领导机构国务院、相关应急管理的行政和地方负责组织国家安全生产监管总局、天津市人民政府、天津市安监局、天津市公安消防局、天津市海事局、滨海新区区政府、滨海新区公安局和天津港公安局,其他组织则不包括在内。

(二)研究方法

应急合作网络是在应急响应阶段由多个组织基于共同目标的实现,通过多种形式密集联系(如信息、资源和服务等)建立起来的具有跨部门、高信任度等特性并能够进行自我治理和拥有共同运作规范的协作网络。[6]网络治理依赖结构、空间呈现组织间的关系,本文采用Kapucu、Demiroz(2011)[9]提出的绩效测量指标,将网络运作规范的规定内容作为参考标准,依据表1所示的主要测量指标探究该应急合作网络的协同应对表现。具体来说,将应急预案中载明的互动极点和此次事故的实际互动情况分别转换为社会网络分析中的邻接矩阵,使用Ucinet软件分别统计计算二者的网络属性分析指标,得出目标值和实际值,并进行比较。

(三)数据收集与处理

实际和目标状态所需关系数据均利用互联网取得。本文研究的是应急响应阶段的协作网络,根据此次事故的实际状况界定为事故发生后的三周,数据搜索限定在2015年8月12日22时51分至2015年9月2日22时51分。为尽可能获得此次事故中政府组织内部的应急互动全貌,收集了事故的调查报告、所有场次新闻发布会和政府部门发布的相关信息等资料,数据来源主要有政府网站、权威性传统新闻门户网站、事故新闻发布会直播视频网站和新媒体平台等。应急预案文本包括《国家突发公共事件总体应急预案》《国家安全生产事故灾难应急预案》《危险化学品事故灾难应急预案》《天津市突发公共事件总体应急预案》《天津市生产安全事故综合应急预案》《天津市危险化学品事故应急预案》《天津市滨海新区突发事件总体应急预案》和《天津市滨海新区生产安全事故综合应急预案》。

下面以对实际互动数据的编码和处理为例进行介绍。先利用内容分析法对网络资料中的组织互动内容进行编码。如根据8月14日举行的第三场新闻发布会中滨海新区常务副区长张锐钢的通报内容“我们按照天津市市委市政府领导的指示要求,把抢救生命放在第一位”,建立天津市市委市政府和滨海新区区委区间的互动记录。编码后依据组织间的互动记录建立邻接矩阵,若两组织间的直接链接数高于矩阵表内总链接数的平均值48/222≈0.1,即在本案例中两组织间有直接链接,则认为两组织间具有强连接关系,矩阵中两组织相交位置的数值被定义为“1”;反之,则认为两组织间为弱连接关系,矩阵中两组织相交位置的数值被定义为“0”。将邻接矩阵输入Ucinet 6软件得出网络分析数据及组织互动关系,见图2。对目标状态互动数据的处理方式同上。

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