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国信证券:经济复苏持续 关注A股三大投资主题

2017-08-16 10:44:59   中国经济网

本轮房地产景气周期是在去库存的大背景下启动的,这导致了过去两年在销售极为火爆的情况下,新开工面积并没有跟上。不同于以往几轮地产周期,本轮地产景气周期中新开工面积增速的弹性显著小于销售面积增速弹性。2015年商品房销售面积累计同比增速为6.5%,新开工面积增速为-14.0%;2016年商品房销售面积累计同比增速为22.5%,新开工面积增速仅为8.1%。销售面积快速上升,新开工面积有所不足,这导致了2015年以来商品房待售面积增速出现了显著下降,无论是绝对量还是同比增速。

 政策导向支持增加房地产供给

从政策导向上看,当前政策支持增加房地产供给抑制过高房价。2017年7月,《上海市住房发展“十三五”规划》正式发布,规划明确提出,“十三五”期间上海城镇住房供应总量以及住房用地供应总量将显著增加,同时上海将积极推进租售并举的住房体系建设,进一步健全房地产市场健康发展的长效机制。与此同时,高频数据显示土地供应面积增速再度回升。2017年6、7月份百城土地出让供给增速明显提升,支持后续房地产投资增速继续回升。从房地产开发投资产业链角度出发,房地产投资增速的回升将对钢铁、煤炭、有色金属、建材、化工等领域的上市公司产生直接的业绩催化作用。

看好消费的最大逻辑在于居民收入增速的回升,2017年一二季度的数据显示,居民收入增速出现了显著回升势头,下半年有望带动消费需求整体向上。沿着居民收入增速企稳推动消费整体回升的逻辑,我们建议重点关注三个投资方向:一是大众消费,包括啤酒、肉制品、纺织服装、商贸零售等,这些板块当前股价普遍处于相对低位,未来向上空间较大,且在本轮消费复苏过程中,乡村消费要显著强于城镇消费。二是可选消费品,包括旅游、酒店、影视、奢侈品等,重点关注房地产挤压效应的释放。三是把农产品价格看作一个隐含的看涨期权,当前农产品价格表现依然不强,相应股票价格也持续低迷。

居民消费通常是宏观经济中最稳定的部分,而从2012年以来,我国居民消费整体增速一直处在持续下滑过程中,背后的主要原因是居民收入增速在不断下滑。城镇居民的人均可支配收入增速从2011年四季度的14.1%,下降至2016年三季度的7.8%,同时,社会消费品零售总额累计增速从2011年底的17.1%下降至2016年11月的10.4%。

居民收入是宏观经济中一个相对滞后的指标。历史数据显示,居民收入增速一般滞后于名义GDP增速一年。名义GDP增速低点在2015年四季度已经出现,2016年前三季度回升速度较慢,从2016年四季度开始名义GDP增速出现了加速上升趋势。国家统计局最新公布的数据显示,今年1至6月份城乡居民可支配收入累计增速为8.8%。这显示当前居民收入增速整体回升的趋势已经非常明显,而随着居民收入增速的逐步提高,预计后续下游需求也会有明显起色。

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