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国信证券:经济复苏持续 关注A股三大投资主题
2017-08-16 10:44:59 中国经济网
资产质量改善,利润增速回升
长期以来,A股市场中的银行股估值一直被明显低估,造成这一现象的原因主要有两个:一是资产质量下降;二是整体净利润增速下滑。不过,随着经济增速的企稳,目前这两点都已经出现了拐点,原因有两点:第一,银行资产质量明显改善。商业银行不良贷款比例在2016年一季度见顶后出现了缓慢下降趋势,此前商业银行的不良贷款主要集中在传统周期性行业,典型的如批发零售、钢铁、煤炭、化工等。但随着去年以来大宗商品价格的持续上行,传统周期性行业利润出现了大幅攀升,很多钢铁行业上市公司最新半年报数据显示,二季度利润创其史上单季度最高,在这种情况下,商业银行的不良贷款比例有望大幅下降。
第二,银行整体净利润增速下行趋势有望终结。2011年以后,商业银行净利润增速总体出现了下滑。到2015年时,四大国有商业银行的利润增速基本上已接近零增长。净利润增速的持续下行,使得银行股估值水平从2011年起出现了持续下滑,随着今年以来经济的企稳复苏,商业银行整体净利润增速下行趋势将被终结。
全球银行股都在涨,A股银行股估值优势明显
从全球范围看,2016年下半年以来,包括摩根大通、富国银行、恒生银行、汇丰银行等全球大型商业银行的股价都在不断上涨,平均涨幅高达50%左右。
从估值的国际对比角度看,相比国际上主要的大型商业银行,A股市场中的银行股仍有较大估值修复空间。目前A股市场中大型商业银行的PB值已经修复到1倍左右,略低于国际同行。而从PE上看,A股大型商业银行的PE值平均只有7倍左右,仅为全球同行的一半左右。
对周期股而言,虽然当前估值已经不再便宜,但在多数周期品产能短期内无法明显扩大的情况下,只要需求继续回升,那么商品价格就可能继续上涨,这就使得周期股的利润具有极大的向上弹性。展望下半年,房地产开发投资增速的回升将可能成为周期品需求向上的重要驱动力。看好房地产开发投资增速回升的理由有两点:其一,不同于以往几轮地产周期,本轮地产周期在去库存背景下,新开工面积并没有跟上,这使得商品房库存面积已经出现了明显下降,为后续补库存提供了空间。其二,当前政策导向支持增加房地产供给抑制过高房价。无论是上海提倡的租赁住房政策,还是北京推出的自住房共有产权政策,其前提都是需要先增加房地产供给。
新开工面积不足,房地产后续有补库存空间
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