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国信证券:经济复苏持续 关注A股三大投资主题

2017-08-16 10:44:59   中国经济网

从上游行业来看,2017年一季度大宗商品价格有所回落,但进入二季度大宗商品价格再度回升,且已经回到前期高点。钢铁、铜、铝、玻璃等多种大宗商品当前价格均已创出2015年以来的新高,不少钢铁上市公司二季度利润为其史上单季度最高。而且,不同于2016年供给侧改革的情况,当前大宗商品价格上涨的核心驱动力来自需求拉动,一个最显著的证据就是2017年粗钢和有色金属的产量仍然在正增长,这意味着在目前商品价格高企、产能无法扩张的情况下,上游企业正在开足马力进行生产。如果没有下游的需求拉动,大宗商品价格不可能出现量价齐升的情况。

 中游:机械行业回升时间和幅度已接近2009年

从中游行业来看,机械重卡销量同比增速一直维持在50%以上高位,挖掘机、起重机、重卡同比增速从去年末开始整体就呈现不断上升趋势。从目前来看,工程机械本轮销量增速周期的回升时间和幅度已经可以与2009年时候相比。同时,从与各个行业联系最紧密的交通运输行业来看,今年初以来陆运运量不断回升,公路和铁路货运量增速大幅提高,海运BDI指数2016年以来一直处于向上通道中运行。

下游:总体平稳,下半年消费有望继续回升

从下游行业看,总体消费稳中有升,社会消费零售总额6月同比增速创出2016年以来新高,限额以上企业商品零售总额增速创2014年8月以来新高。值得一提的是,目前已经很明显看到上半年居民收入增速出现了显著回升,这意味着下半年消费总量增速有望超过上半年。从结构上看,家电、白酒等强势行业2017年上半年的业绩表现靓丽,纺织服装、啤酒等行业经过多年调整,目前也已开始缓慢走出下行通道。

在当前经济环境下,除了经济复苏值得期待外,看好股票市场的另一个重要原因就是通货膨胀依然温和可控,这就决定了短期内货币政策不会大幅收紧,市场可以充分享受企业高盈利、经济低通胀的时间窗口。

此前市场担心经济下行的主要风险点在于房地产和基建投资增速出现下行,而现在的实际情况是,房地产开发投资绝对到不了2%这么低的水平,基建投资也到不了12%这么低的水平,且宏观经济中除固定投资以外,消费稳中有升,出口增速也在明显回升。因此,总体来看,我们认为2017年下半年经济整体复苏是值得期待的。

金融是最典型的顺周期行业,与宏观经济密切相关,最直接受益于经济复苏。我们认为金融板块特别是银行股价格未来仍有上行空间。此前抑制银行股表现的主要因素在于对资产质量的担忧及利润增速的下降。当前周期性行业利润大幅提升,银行资产质量有望显著改善,而在经济回升过程中,银行的利润增速也有望走出拐点。从全球视野看,当前不止A股市场中的银行股,全球的银行股都在上涨。这意味着银行股的上涨不仅是简单的避险行为,更多反映的是全球经济复苏的趋势,而相比全球主要大型商业银行,A股市场中的银行股当前仍有较大的估值修复空间。

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