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“亩产论英雄” 发展新逻辑

2017-08-16 08:07:49   中国青年网

走马我省各地开发区,土地资源在不断增值,让“寸土”产生“寸金”效应的企业不乏其例。

消灭开发区里的“低产田”

对于绝大多数开发区而言,“谋发展”与“用地难”已成为绕不过去的现实难题。常州市委常委、常州高新区党工委书记周斌说,高新区建设用地开发强度已达40%,“十三五”期间每年新增建设用地计划仅1000亩,而实际需求将在4000-5000亩之间。

另一方面,我省开发区土地利用又有着不小的提升空间。

先看两个核心数据:每公顷8127万元,每公顷511万元,前者是我省国家级开发区在核准范围内的工业用地固定资产投入强度,后者为地均税收。其投资强度高于东部地区国家级开发区7150万元的平均值,但地均税收不仅低于东部地区国家级开发区719万元的平均值,甚至低于603万元的全国国家级开发区平均值。

以发达国家为坐标,我省开发区与之差距更大。德国路德维希化工区每平方公里产出超过20亿美元,新加坡裕廊岛化工区每平方公里产出近15亿美元,而我省列入开发区管理序列的131家省级以上开发区,每平方公里产出仅2.3亿美元。

在南京大学教授钱志新看来,我省开发区土地利用还比较粗放、单位建设产出率比较低,表明产业增加值不高、科技创新源头没到位。“发达国家工业园区正从科技型2.0版向智能型3.0版延展,我们还是制造型1.0版,而且是高端产业的低端环节制造,土地产出率自然很难有效提高。”

事实上,我省一些开发区尚未摆脱“摊大饼”式的路径依赖。有的引进项目迟迟不动工,圈定的土地长期闲置;有的企业拿地后不是建造厂房,而是先建成运动场、游泳池甚至停车场;还有的企业不从行业和产品需要出发,一律建设一层厂房。有开发区领导坦言,一些低端产业、落后项目长期“霸占”土地资源,供而未用、用而未尽现象大量存在,投入产出比不高,珍贵土地成“低产田”状况亟待改变。

“有限”空间争取“无限”发展

思路决定出路。对开发区而言,换个思路、换个模式,“有限”的空间就会有“无限”的发展。

“园区土地面积有限,一些企业希望增加土地自建厂房,但很难一一满足。”苏州工业园区科技和信息化局谷刘园介绍,园区实施“退二优二”工程,千方百计挖掘盘活有限空间资源,清退产能落后、不符合生产安全要求、不符合环保和节能减排要求、低效利用工业用地的企业,将高端制造作为未来产业发展的主要方向及园区可持续发展的主要动力。着手绘制的“热力图”,在标注园区所有企业位置、相关产业数据指标的同时,配以菜单式功能,以深浅不一的颜色代表不同热力辐射形式,形象展示不同产业板块的税收、创新等指标,对“低产田”和“高产田”予以差别化资源配置和政策支持。

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