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“励志”式锻炼并不适合所有人

2017-08-14 15:58:39   中国青年网

老年人受伤后如果没有及时治疗,可能会造成身体肌肉萎缩,抵抗力和呼吸功能的下降,甚至会引起肺炎,这是非常致命的。

不要轻易模仿“励志老人”

姜韬介绍,现在不少老人六七十岁仍然鹤发童颜、耳聪目明,这当然是好事。但是老人一定要对自己有客观的认识,身体好并不等于身体和年轻人一样能承受各种各样的考验,因而不建议老年人做剧烈运动。像“94岁老太跑马拉松”一类的新闻,并不具备模仿的可行性。即使是有长期专业运动基础的老人,做此类运动前也需经过专业测评。

“许多老人认为运动强身健体,运动量越多越健康。其实不是,人的承受能力是有限的,如果超负荷锻炼,不仅不会带来健康,反而会有损身体机能,损伤肌肉。”他说,老年人运动的目的不是让人疲劳,而是促进血液循环,增强肌肉和心脏的能力。如果过度运动,则会促使身体释放大量激素来分解蛋白产生能量补充过度运动的需要,造成身体组织的过多消耗,加快器官的衰老。而且过度运动会加重心脏的过度使用,超出其负荷能力。长期下去,会造成心脏功能衰退,反而不利于身体健康。

姜韬建议,老年人在锻炼时不能逞强,应该根据自己实际情况列出适合自己的项目和方案,有规律地循序渐进。首先,老人在运动前要做好热身准备,热身时间至少在15分钟以上,浑身微汗之后再投入运动。冬季,热身时间则要更长。

其次,运动要量力而行。老年人运动只能慢慢增加运动量,决不能操之过急。比如高血压患者应以有氧训练为主,包括散步、慢跑、骑自行车、游泳、体操等。糖尿病患者,最好选择有减重目的及有效代谢血糖的有氧运动。心脏病患者初期运动10到l5分钟即可,随着心肺功能的恢复,可以慢慢延长至30分钟或更长时间。运动时,身边最好要有人陪伴。运动过程中,如果出现谈话时气短的情况,就表明强度过大了。他建议,老年人做运动不必太久,上下午运动各20分钟就比较合适。

第三,运动之后要及时做一些拉伸放松,把呼吸调慢,把脚步放慢。如果运动后感觉劳累,要充分休息,间隔一段时间再运动。

姜韬特别提到,老年人在运动时千万不能憋气,否则会造成内环境紊乱,引发脑血管意外等。 本报记者 王琪鹏 J219

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